纺织学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02): 1-7.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20180800307

• 纤维材料 •    下一篇

聚氨酯/二氧化硅复合超细纤维膜的制备及其防水透湿性能

张琼1, 刘翰霖1, 李平平1, 李妮1,2()   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 材料与纺织学院 丝绸学院, 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.浙江理工大学先进纺织材料与制备技术教育部重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-01 修回日期:2018-11-11 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2019-02-01
  • 通讯作者: 李妮
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY16E030007);浙江理工大学521人才培养计划项目(11110132521507)

Preparation and waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of electrospun polyurethane/silica composite superfine fiber membrane

ZHANG Qiong1, LIU Hanlin1, LI Pingping1, LI Ni1,2()   

  1. 1. Silk Institute,College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
  • Received:2018-08-01 Revised:2018-11-11 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: LI Ni

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摘要：

为制备具有防水透湿性能的超细纤维膜,在聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中添加疏水二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒,制备PU/SiO2复合超细纤维膜。通过软件模拟分析了纺丝液浓度和纤维膜厚度对纤维膜孔径的影响,根据静态水接触角、静水压、透气率和透湿率分析了复合超细纤维膜的防水透湿性能,并讨论了不同质量分数SiO2对PU/SiO2复合超细纤维膜防水透湿性能的影响。结果表明:复合纤维膜的孔径随着纺丝液浓度的增加而增加,随着纤维膜厚度的增加而减少;当SiO2质量分数为9%、PU质量分数为18%时,PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的静态水接触角达到131°,静水压为6.4 kPa,透气率为33.4 mm/s,透湿率为8.065 kg/(m2·d);该条件下复合纤维膜断裂应力为4.16 MPa,断裂伸长率为184%,与纯PU膜相比具有较好的尺寸稳定性。

关键词: 聚氨酯, 二氧化硅, 静电纺丝, 防水透湿

Abstract:

In order to prepare a superfine fiber membrane with waterproof and moisture-permeable properties, polyurethane/silica (PU/SiO2) membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The spinning solution was prepared by adding hydrophobic SiO2 to PU solution. The effects of spinning solution concentration and membranes thickness on the pore size of the membranes were analyzed by software simulation. The waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of the membranes were characterized by the water contact angle, hydrostatic pressure, air permeability and moisture permeability. The effects of different SiO2 concentrations on the waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of the PU/SiO2 composite superfine fiber membranes were studied. The results show that the pore size of membranes increase with the spinning solution concentrations, and decrease with the increase of the membranes thickness. When the concentration of SiO2 is 9% and that of PU is 18%, the composite membranes are endowed with the water contact angle of 131°, the hydrostatic pressure of 6.4 kPa, the air permeability of 33.4 mm/s and the moisture permeability up to 8.065 kg/(m2·d). Meantime, the broken stress of the PU/SiO2 composite membranes reaches 4.16 MPa, and the elongation at break reaches 184%. Therefore, the membranes have better dimensional stability than pure PU membranes.

Key words: polyurethane, silica, electrospinning, waterproof and moisture-permeable property

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.5

图1

不同纺丝液质量分数下PU纤维膜的孔径大小"

图2

不同纺丝液质量分数下PU纤维膜的三维结构模型"

图3

不同厚度的PU纤维膜的孔径大小"

图4

不同厚度的PU纤维膜的三维结构模型的俯视图"

图5

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的SEM照片"

图6

PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的TEM照片"

图7

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的红外谱图"

表1

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的孔径及孔隙率"

SiO2质量分数量/% 平均孔径/μm 最大孔径/μm 孔隙率/%
0 2.273 28.256 54.20
3 2.435 41.257 53.90
6 4.218 42.850 52.70
9 3.031 35.868 52.10
12 3.423 39.714 51.03

表2

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜力学性能"

SiO2质量
分数/%		 断裂应
力/MPa		 断裂伸长
率/%		 初始模
量/MPa
0 6.15 238 14.72
3 5.70 216 14.53
6 4.54 203 13.62
9 4.16 184 13.61
12 3.10 162 14.21

表3

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的静态水接触角和静水压"

SiO2质量分数/% 静态水接触角/(°) 静水压/kPa
0 125 1.4
3 127 3.2
6 129 5.1
9 131 6.4
12 130 7.6

图8

不同SiO2质量分数的PU/SiO2复合纤维膜的透气率与透湿率"

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