纺织学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 13-19.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20180306307

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚丙烯腈/聚砜酰胺复合纳米纱线的制备与表征

靳世鑫1, 刘书华2, 刘岩3(), 郑元生1, 辛斌杰1   

  1. 1.上海工程技术大学 服装学院, 上海 201620
    2.上海工程技术大学 科研处, 上海 201620
    3.上海工程技术大学 化学化工学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-26 修回日期:2018-07-24 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘岩
  • 作者简介:靳世鑫(1991—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能性静电纺纳米纤维制备。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(11702169);上海工程技术大学人才计划(E3-05071703046)

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile/polysulfonamide composite nanoyarns

JIN Shixin1, LIU Shuhua2, LIU Yan3(), ZHENG Yuansheng1, XIN Binjie1   

  1. 1. School of Fashion Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Research Department, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2018-03-26 Revised:2018-07-24 Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-15
  • Contact: LIU Yan

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摘要：

针对聚丙烯腈(PAN)耐热性能较差,聚砜酰胺(PSA)阻燃但染色性能较差等问题,在保持纺丝液质量分数、纺丝接收距离等条件不变的前提下,利用自制旋转式动态静电纺纱机,分别采用不同纺丝电压和不同接收器转速制备一系列聚丙烯腈/聚砜酰胺复合纳米纱线。借助扫描电子显微镜、单纱强力机、毛细管效应测定仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对复合纳米纱线的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:纺丝电压和接收器转速对纳米纱线的形态影响比较明显,并进一步影响纱线的力学性能;当纺丝电压为25 kV、接收器转速为40 r/min时,纱线具有较好的外观形貌、力学性能和热性能;当接收器转速为60 r/min,纺丝电压为30 kV时,纳米纱线的芯吸性能最好。

关键词: 聚丙烯腈, 聚砜酰胺, 静电纺丝, 纳米纱线

Abstract:

Aiming at the poor heat resistance of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), excellent heat resistance and poor dyeing property of polysulfone amide (PSA), a series of nanoyarns were prepared at different spinning voltages and collector rotating speeds by using a self-made dynamic electrospinning machine, with the concentration of spinning solution and the receiving distance kept constant. The structure and properties of the composite nanoyarns were studied by using scanning electron microscope, single yarn strength tester, capillary effect tester, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analyzer. The experimental results show that the morphology of nanoyarns are significantly affected by spinning voltages and the collector rotating speeds. In addition, the mechanical properties of nanoyarns are also affected. It is found that the nanoyarns could achieve a better performance in morphology, strength and heat resistance at spinning voltage of 25 kV and collector rotating speed of 40 r/min. The nanoyarns show a better wicking performance at collector rotating speed of 60 r/min and spinning voltage of 30 kV.

Key words: polyacrylonitrile, polysulfonamide, electrospinning, nanoyarn

中图分类号: 

  • TQ342.79

图1

旋转式动态静电纺纱机"

图2

不同成分纱线的扫描电镜照片(×70)"

图3

不同电压下制备的纳米纱线的扫描电镜照片(×70)"

图4

不同转速下制备的纳米纱线的扫描电镜照片(×70)"

图5

不同成分纳米纱线的拉伸曲线图"

图6

不同电压下纳米纱线的拉伸曲线图"

图7

不同转速下纳米纱线的拉伸曲线图"

图8

不同组分纳米纱线的芯吸性能 注:每个图中自左向右分别为PAN、PAN/PSA和PSA纱线。"

图9

不同电压下纳米纱线的芯吸高度 注:每个图中纺丝电压自左向右分别为20、25和30 kV。"

图10

不同接收器转速下纳米纱线的芯吸高度 注:每个图中接收器转速自左向右分别为20、40 和60 r/min。"

图11

不同成分纳米纱线的红外光谱图"

图12

不同成分纳米纱线的TG曲线"

图13

不同纺丝电压下纳米纱线的TG曲线"

图14

不同接收器转速下纳米纱线的TG曲线"

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