纺织学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (09): 1-7.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20180806707

• 纤维材料 •    下一篇

静电纺聚四氟乙烯/二氧化钛光催化纳米纤维膜的制备及其应用

张梦媛1,2, 黄庆林1,2(), 黄岩1,2, 肖长发1   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-27 修回日期:2019-05-09 出版日期:2019-09-15 发布日期:2019-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 黄庆林
  • 作者简介:张梦媛(1992—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为疏水膜的制备及应用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(21404079);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(YESS20160168)

Electrospun poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/TiO2 photocatalytic nanofiber membrane and its application

ZHANG Mengyuan1,2, HUANG Qinglin1,2(), HUANG Yan1,2, XIAO Changfa1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2018-08-27 Revised:2019-05-09 Online:2019-09-15 Published:2019-09-23
  • Contact: HUANG Qinglin

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摘要：

针对光催化剂二氧化钛(TiO2)难回收、传统载体材料性能不稳定等问题,以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为成膜聚合物,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为纺丝载体,引入纳米光催化剂TiO2,采用乳液静电纺丝法制备PTFE/PVA/TiO2初生纤维膜,然后经烧结得到负载型PTFE/TiO2光催化纳米纤维膜。通过形貌观察、孔径、孔隙率以及疏水性能测试,考察TiO2质量分数对纤维膜结构与性能的影响。结果表明:随着TiO2固含量的增加,纤维膜直径均匀性有所降低,平均孔径增大;将纤维膜用于减压膜蒸馏实验,通量最高达35 L/(m2·h),截盐率稳定在99.98%以上;在光催化降解质量浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝染料水溶液过程中,经紫外线照射5 h后,染料降解率达99%;经重复使用后,PTFE/TiO2纳米纤维膜仍能保持良好的结构与光催化性能。

关键词: 聚四氟乙烯, 二氧化钛, 静电纺丝, 光催化, 减压膜蒸馏

Abstract:

In order to solve the difficult recovery of photocatalyst titanium dioxide (TiO2) and unstable performance of the conventional carrier materials, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was used as a stable TiO2 carrier, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as the spinning carrier. The PTFE/PVA/TiO2 precursor fiber membrane was obtained by emulsion electrospinning, and then the PTFE/TiO2 photocatalytic nanofiber membrane was obtained after sintering. The effects of the amount of titanium dioxide on the structure and properties of the membranes were investigated by membrane morphology observation, pore size, porosity and hydrophobicity. The results show that with the increase of TiO2 solid content, the uniformity of membrane fiber diameter decreases and the pore size increases. The membrane was used in vacuum membrane distillation experiment. The flux is up to 35 L/(m2·h) and the desalination rate is over 99.98%. At the same time, the membrane was used for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye aqueous solution (concentration of 10 mg/L). The degradation ratio reaches 99% after 5 h UV irradiation. After reuse, PTFE/titanium dioxide nanofiber membranes still maintain good membrane structure and photocatalytic performance.

Key words: poly(tetrafluoroethylene), titanium dioxide, electrospinning, photocatalysis, vacuum membrane distillation

中图分类号: 

  • TQ342.71

表1

纤维膜的名称"

TiO2质量分数/% 初生纤维膜名称 烧结纤维膜名称
0.0 M-p0 M-s0
2.5 M-p1 M-s1
5.0 M-p2 M-s2
7.5 M-p3 M-s3
10.0 M-p4 M-s4

图1

静电纺丝装置示意图"

图2

纤维膜的液体渗透压测试装置"

图3

流变性能曲线"

表2

纺丝溶液非牛顿指数"

TiO2质量分数/% 非牛顿指数n
0.0 0.826 35
2.5 0.878 33
5.0 0.991 02
7.5 1.002 00
10.0 1.060 23

图4

初生纤维膜和烧结纤维膜形貌照片"

表3

纤维膜性能"

样品名称 粗糙度/nm 比表面积/(m2·g-1) 接触角/(°)
M-s0 0.634 4.222 148.90±2.0
M-s1 0.972 4.695 144.50±1.9
M-s2 1.119 5.414 144.00±2.3
M-s3 1.274 6.967 143.46±1.0
M-s4 1.313 5.707 142.67±4.3

表4

PTFE/TiO2纤维膜结构性能"

样品名称 孔隙率/
%		 平均孔径/
nm		 液体渗透压/
MPa		 断裂强度/
MPa
M-s0 63.2±0.3 580±4 0.14±0.02 2.83±0.25
M-s1 65.0±0.2 802±5 0.11±0.01 1.53±0.19
M-s2 69.5±0.3 900±3 0.09±0.01 1.11±0.27
M-s3 79.8±0.2 1 050±10 0.08±0.01 1.03±0.15
M-s4 64.6±0.1 1 460±10 0.05±0.02 0.99±1.08

图5

纤维膜的蒸馏性能"

图6

PTFE/TiO2 纤维膜光催化前后形貌照片"

图7

PTFE/TiO2纤维膜光催化降解MB效率曲线"

图8

PTFE/TiO2纤维膜光降解稳定性"

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