纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (08): 17-23.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210205707

• 纺织科技新见解学术沙龙专栏:循环再生及生物可降解纤维 • 上一篇    下一篇

有色废弃聚酯的脱色与再利用研究进展

李艳艳1, 李梦娟1,2, 葛明桥1,2()   

  1. 1.江南大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 江苏 无锡 214122
    2.生态纺织教育部重点实验室(江南大学), 江苏 无锡 214122
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-23 修回日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 葛明桥
  • 作者简介:李艳艳(1994—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为废弃聚酯资源化再利用。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX20_1799);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0302901-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0302900);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51903107);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20190619);中国博士后面上资助项目(2019M661724)

Research progress on decolorization and recycling of colored polyester waste

LI Yanyan1, LI Mengjuan1,2, GE Mingqiao1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles(Jiangnan University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
  • Received:2021-02-23 Revised:2021-05-10 Published:2021-08-15 Online:2021-08-24
  • Contact: GE Mingqiao

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摘要：

为提高有色废弃聚酯的再生利用率,对目前国内外废弃聚酯的回收方式和有色聚酯的脱色进展进行综述。首先通过对常用废弃聚酯回收方式进行对比分析,明确适用于有色废弃聚酯的回收方向及需要解决的问题;其次对聚酯的直接剥色方法进行总结,认为现有的剥色方法和剥色后产物的应用都存在局限性。在此基础上,分别针对有色废弃聚酯化学回收后固体产物的脱色、有机溶剂的脱色以及末端废水的脱色排放进行概述。最后,对有色废弃聚酯脱色及再利用过程中亟需解决的问题进行总结和展望,指出完善废弃聚酯的自动化分类分离系统、拓宽再生聚酯的应用领域、提高脱色技术的可行性和环保性将会成为有色废弃聚酯回收再利用的关键。

关键词: 废弃聚酯, 有色聚酯, 脱色技术, 回收再利用, 直接脱色方法

Abstract:

In order to improve the recycling rate of colored polyester waste, this paper reviewed the decolorization and recycling methods for polyester waste. The commonly used recycling methods were firstly analyzed and compared in order to identify the best method for tackling the colored polyester waste. As the second step in the review, direct peeling methods for colored polyester were summarized, and the results revealed that limitations existed with these methods and with the application of the recycled products. On this basis, the decolorization of solid products, organic solvents and terminal wastewater were studied. Finally, the need for decolorization in recycling of colored polyester waste was highlighted. It is suggested that automatic classification and separation systems of polyester waste should be established, the application fields of regenerated polyester be broadened, and the feasibility and environmental friendliness of these decolorization methods be enhanced. These problems will become the key to improving the recycling rate of colored polyester waste.

Key words: polyester waste, colored polyester, decolorization technology, recycling, direct peeling method

中图分类号: 

  • TQ342

表1

不同脱色方法的特点及其在有色聚酯回收液脱色中的应用"

脱色方法 脱色机制和分类 优点 缺点 应用前景
吸附法 通过吸附作用分离染料分子。包括黏土材料(膨润土、高岭土)、沸石、硅质材料、工业废物(粉煤灰、废碳浆、金属氢氧化物) 操作简单,适用染料种类多,效果好 吸附容量有限,再生成本高,选择性低 工业上采用的吸附剂再生成本高且不具备选择性,对含降解产物的废水进行脱色时会消耗部分产物,吸附量受杂质影响大,因此,需要降低吸附剂的再生成本,提高其吸附量和选择性
絮凝法 通过絮凝剂电中和、吸附架桥与染料分子络合后沉降脱色。主要有铝盐和铁盐 占地面积小,处理量大,操作简单,投资成本低,适用于分散染料脱色 潜在二次污染,产生大量淤泥,效率低 絮凝剂受溶液酸碱度的影响大,需开发量大、价格低廉、稳定性强的絮凝剂。为提高脱色效率可联合电化学降解,减少淤泥带来的二次污染
高级氧
化法		 臭氧化、光电催化、芬顿试剂等产生自由基攻击染料分子 效率高,适用于复杂的染料废水 试剂昂贵,反应条件苛刻 高级氧化法可高效地处理有色聚酯废液,通过开发可回收、低廉、高效、具备选择性的催化剂来降低脱色所需条件和能耗
生物法 利用微生物絮凝、吸附和降解染料。主要为酶、真菌、细菌、藻类)和厌氧微生物 环境友好,反应温和,能耗低,无二次污染 降解时间长,底物单一,易受染料毒性影响 生物法对于含单一有色杂质的废弃聚酯回收液具备很高的选择性,可在脱色同时保护产物,具有很大的潜力,但需要缩短降解时长,增加可降解杂质种类
膜分离法 利用尺寸和电荷效应高效截留污染物,有微/超/纳滤之分 高效,可连续简单操作,环境友好,处理后水溶液可再利用 染料和多价盐的选择性低,膜易被浓缩淤泥堵塞,寿命短 膜分离法在含杂量较高的有色聚酯废液中易堵塞,再生难度大,且无法针对层次不齐的染料结构,仅能应用于有色聚酯降解的后道脱色,需提高膜的自动清理效率,稳定膜通量
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