纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 1-10.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220706210

• 特约专栏:纺织科技前沿 •    下一篇

纺织品前瞻性制备技术及应用研究现状与发展趋势

乌婧1,2,3, 江振林4, 吉鹏1,2, 谢锐敏3,5, 陈烨3,5, 陈向玲6, 王华平3,5()   

  1. 1.东华大学 纺织产业关键技术协同创新中心, 上海 201620
    2.东华大学 纺织科技创新中心, 上海 201620
    3.东华大学 纤维材料改性国家重点实验室, 上海 201620
    4.上海工程技术大学 化学化工学院, 上海 201620
    5.东华大学 材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
    6.东华大学 环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-18 修回日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-16
  • 通讯作者: 王华平(1965—),男,研究员,博士。主要研究方向为化纤及纺织品绿色制造。E-mail:wanghp@dhu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:乌婧(1984—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为生物基、生物可降解纤维及材料。
  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院咨询项目(2021-XBZD-13-33);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3700300)

Research status and development trend of perspective preparation technologies and applications for textiles

WU Jing1,2,3, JIANG Zhenlin4, JI Peng1,2, XIE Ruimin3,5, CHEN Ye3,5, CHEN Xiangling6, WANG Huaping3,5()   

  1. 1. Co-Innovation Center for Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    3. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
    5. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    6. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620,China
  • Received:2022-07-18 Revised:2022-09-29 Published:2023-01-15 Online:2023-02-16

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摘要：

随着纺织行业各领域的高速发展,纺织产业不断迭代升级,通过革新逐步实现从量变到质变的转化,实现高质量发展。通过介绍由1,3-丙二醇、乳酸等生物基材料为代表的纤维素原料在合成生物学等领域进行的革新,使纤维基体在分子结构、维度、性能、智能化以及应用等方面突破极限;结合目前纺织行业发展趋势,从未来纺织品的成形与制造技术、应用领域及新型产品等方面进行了分析和展望,以期在未来会有更为成熟的一体化制备方法和成形技术,使纺织产品不仅能应用于日常生活领域也能应用于极限领域,为开拓更广阔的市场提供新思路。

关键词: 纺织品, 成形技术, 智能制造, 绿色低碳, 再生循环

Abstract:

Significance Chemical fiber is a necessary component of human productivity and daily living. Since the 1970s, China's chemical fiber industry has developed quickly, and China has led the world in production of chemical fiber for almost 20 years. In 2021, China's chemical fiber output has reached 60.25 million tons, or more than 70% of the total amount produced worldwide. Currently, the development of high performance, functional, and intelligent textile products has drawn considerable attention as consumer demand has increased significantly. The production of raw resources, technological advancement, and the application fields of functional products are all significant variables. The future development of the textile industry is undoubtedly very important, and in order to be clear about the future development direction, it is thus crucial to summarize the possible and potential development trend of novel technologies and improved products with higher performance and wider application fields in future textile industry on the basis of the existing technologies and problems.
Progress Currently, significant obstacles still exist to the growth of the textile sector, which are mostly seen in the following four aspects: 1) shortage of resources for fiber raw materials; 2) increase of processing costs; 3) products elevation. Middle and low-grade products no longer have any advantages, the production and processing capability is forced to migrate out of China, and new and high-grade products are being developed and produced; 4) absence of innovative technology. The developed synthetic biological method and genetic engineering technology can successfully prepare bio-based raw materials like 1, 3-propanediol and lactic acid in order to avoid the significant consumption of petroleum-based raw materials and the competition between bio-based raw materials and grain. Fiber material forming technology is moving progressively in the direction of an effective multi-flow, sustainable, green, and intelligent technology introduction. Furthermore, the fiber forming technology is more advanced to achieve the accurate building of multiple fiber structures. A greater range of applications can be met by the expansion and performance improvement of fiber structures. Application of clothing in the direction of development for high performance, minimal loss, light weight, and multifunctional clothing. Additionally, textiles have new uses in the development of biomedical materials, environmental protection filtration materials, and agricultural production materials. The innovation products are multi-functional and more intelligent, and can realize the active adaptation of structure and performance in varied application conditions.
Conclusion and Prospect The development of textile industry and textile technology has played a crucial role in the evolution of human civilization. Today in the 21st century, the textile industry is no longer just a conventional industry to meet the needs of human clothing. Its technological development is more advanced and cutting-edge: 1) the innovation of raw materials. Innovations in feedstock technology such as the development of bio-based feedstocks have made fiber products more environmentally friendly. Pure organic polymers are no longer the only type of fibrous matrix materials; in addition, inorganic, metal, and organic-inorganic hybrid fiber materials are now covered. 2) forming technology. Fiber material forming technology is gradually moving toward an effective multi-flow, environmentally friendly, and sustainable processing process. Infinite creative potential exists for final applications thanks to the advancement of fiber forming technology and the evolution of fiber on a multidimensional scale. 3) intelligent manufacturing. The adoption of intelligent manufacturing, complete process automation, information technology, and digitalization can significantly increase the productivity of the textile sector. 4) more diverse applications. In the future, textiles could be used in apparel, wearable textiles, household textile items, and extremely innovative fields including biomedicine, the environment, energy, agricultural production, building, and transportation, among others, with the focus on intelligence and function. The textile sector has demonstrated multifaceted inventive growth that will open up more room for human civilization and technology advancement.

Key words: textiles, forming technology, intelligent manufacturing, green and low carbon, recycling

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.5

图1

纤维加工工艺与极限直径间的演变历程"

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