Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (09): 223-231.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220401302

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Progress in preparation and application of graphene modified silk

HE Kaijun1, SHEN Jiajia2(), LIU Guojin3   

  1. 1. School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
    2. College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
    3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
  • Received:2022-04-02 Revised:2022-11-09 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-10-30

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Abstract:

Significance Fibers and fabrics are the main components of conventional wearable products because of its good flexibility, air permeability and mechanical properties. However, with the rapid development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the future textiles need to retain the advantages of conventional fibers and fabrics while providing them multi-functional and intelligent characteristics. Compared with other man-made chemical polymer materials, natural biomaterials have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable among many others. Natural silk from silkworms has been used in clothing for thousands of years and can be continuously obtained and used in large quantities. Silk is a natural protein fiber with excellent mechanical properties, good flexibility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Two-dimensional nano-graphene and its derivative materials with excellent thermal conductivity, biocompatibility and mechanical properties were synergistically combined with silk. By optimizing the interaction between silk and graphene materials, the properties and functions of silk can be further enhanced and enriched, and its applications in the field of textile and biomedical flexible wearables can be expanded. This paper reviews the latest research progress in graphene modified silk materials to identify research gaps for research.

Progress Because of the unique natural layered structure of silk and the excellent functionality of graphene material, graphene modified silk materials have been widely favored in the field of intelligent textiles. This paper firstly introduced the preparation methods of graphene modified silk. While retaining the natural structure and properties of silk, it can also endow silk with new functions. There are mainly two methods for attaching graphene and its derivatives uniformly and stably on silk, that is, internal modification and external modification. The internal modification mainly refers to the in vivo uptake of graphene materials by silkworms during their growth, including feeding method and in vivo injection method, and the external modification, also known as surface finishing method, includes dip-rolling coating method, dip coating method, spraying method, dry coating method and layer self-assembly method. The preparation methods of graphene modified silk materials were compared (Tab. 1), and the improvement of silk properties by graphene materials, including mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and multi-functional wearability, was reviewed. In addition, the applications of graphene modified silk in sensors, including respiratory sensor, gas sensor and infrared sensor, were scrutinized and summarized. It is believed that silk materials have great potential in multi-functional and intelligent textiles.

Conclusion and Prospect Graphene modified silk materials have laid a foundation for the development of flexible electronic wearable field in the fields of mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and biological adaptability. However, the low loading of graphene and the weak interfacial bonding force on silk are still yet satisfy the special required functions in some respects, which is the key and difficult point to be solved. The interfacial forces between graphene materials and silk, such as hydrogen bond, Van Der Waals force, and covalent bond, determine the loading capacity and durability of graphene on silk, and then affect the performance of modified silk. The reviewed researches include the assembly method of graphene on silk, the reduction method of graphene oxide, the pH value of solution, the screening of additives and other processes to obtain graphene modified silk materials with stable structure, excellent performance and complete functions. The preparation method of graphene functionalized silk with low cost, high efficiency and environment friendliness, the interface bonding force and working mechanism between graphene materials and silk, and the changes of secondary structure of modified silk are the main perspectives that has drawn research attention, which also determine the application of graphene modified silk materials in various fields. Researches also shows that single functionalization does not satisfy the application of silk in textile and biomedicine, hence it becomes imperative to develop multi-functionalization of graphene silk materials. For example, it is necessary to build a ternary or multivariate functional modification system, introduce environmentally friendly cross-linking additives, biomolecules and other modified materials with different sizes and functions in the process of modification of silk with graphene, increase the load of graphene on modified silk materials and endow it with multi-function, so as to expand its application in the textile and biomedical fields.

Key words: silk, graphene material, modification, graphene modified silk, flexible and wearable

CLC Number: 

  • TS195.5

Tab. 1

Comparison of preparation methods of graphene-modified silk"

方法 优点 缺点
体内注射法 步骤简单,摄入量可控,牢度高,持久性强 操作较难,对家蚕生长有影响,大规模生产难,摄入量低
添食法 简便,持久,低价高效且生态环保,可大批量生产 转化率低且不可控,对家蚕生长有一定影响,摄入量低
浸轧涂层法 方法简便易操作,负载量大 耗材量大,均匀性难把握,与织物结合强度差
浸渍涂层法 方法简便易操作,多次操作可实现高负载量 需整理液多,时间长影响生产效率,牢度差
喷涂法 成本低,操作简单,无组织结构要求,图案可控制 弹性差,均匀性和持久性较差
干法涂层法 表面吸附量高,厚度可调节 透气率差,耐水洗和持久性较弱,手感较差
层层自组装法 表面吸附量高,厚度可控 循环次数多,时间长影响生产效率,手感较差
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