Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (05): 77-88.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250100402

• Invited Column: Intelligent Fiber and Fabric Device • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress of electrode and device fabrication of textile lithium batteries

JIANG Yalong, LI Gege, XUE Lu, CHENG Yu, YANG Yingkui()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-02-17 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-06-18
  • Contact: YANG Yingkui E-mail:ykyang@wtu.edu.cn

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

73

Abstract:

Significance Wearable electronics have broad application prospects in the fields of medical health, sports monitoring and human-machine interaction, and long-term and stable energy supply is the key to realizing their functions. One of the key factors in achieving high-performance electronic fabrics is a reliable wearable power source. While research on flexible energy storage systems is rapidly growing, although research on flexible energy storage systems is rapidly advancing, studies specifically focused on textile lithium batteries remain limited. Textile lithium batteries combine the structural diversity, wearability, mechanical flexibility, and lightness of textiles with the high energy density and long service life of lithium batteries, and can be highly integrated with various components, becoming one of the most important energy supply devices. The development of high-performance textile lithium batteries made of fibers, yarns and fabrics is of great significance to promote the development of efficient electronic textiles.
Progress Textile lithium batteries have attracted extensive attention as a key direction in the development of flexible energy storage devices. Current research primarily focuses on device architecture, electrochemical mechanisms, material fabrication strategies, and system integration technologies. Based on battery types, textile lithium batteries can be categorized into textile lithium-ion batteries, lithium-air batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Each type exhibits distinct construction approaches and reaction mechanisms when integrated with textile substrates, making them prominent research hotspots. In terms of electrode fabrication, various strategies have been developed to accommodate the flexibility, porosity, and weaveability of textile substrates. These strategies mainly include material coating, material printing, in-situ material growth, and spinning-based fabrication. Regarding device assembly, textile lithium batteries are generally classified into one-dimensional (1-D) fiber-type and two-dimensional (2-D) fabric-type configurations. Although fiber-type batteries are readily incorporated into woven structures, they often suffer from large diameters, complex layered architectures, and high mechanical modulus, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve softness and compactness. To address this, two representative strategies have been proposed to transition from 1-D fiber-type to 2-D textile-type batteries: (1) sewing fiber-type batteries into existing fabrics; and (2) weaving fiber batteries into loose fabric structures. To achieve continuous power supply, recent efforts have extended toward integrating textile batteries with energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabrics and flexible solar cells, thereby enabling the construction of self-powered textile systems. Moreover, challenges related to flexibility, stretchability, and washability remain critical issues for textile batteries. Current research has proposed several solutions, including interfacial engineering, structural optimization, and multifunctional coatings, to address these limitations and enhance practical applicability.
Conclusion and Prospect This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements in textile lithium batteries based on textile substrates and outlines the following prospects. Future efforts are anticipated to focus on the controlled growth of active materials and the optimization of electron/ion transport to further enhance the electrochemical performance of textile batteries. Besides, the development of flexible, stretchable, and washable textile electrodes, mechanically robust solid-state electrolytes, and advanced encapsulation strategies, along with the integration of textile fabrication technologies, will be essential for realizing practical and scalable textile energy storage systems. These strategies will contribute to improving the long-term reliability and practical performance of textile lithium batteries.

Key words: textile lithium battery, flexible energy storage, lithium-ion battery, Li-S battery, Li-O2 battery, electronic fabric

CLC Number: 

  • TS104.7

Fig.1

Textile lithium batteries powering wearable devices and monitor physiological parameters"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of lithium-ion battery compositions and reaction mechanism. (a) Lithium-ion battery; (b) Li-O2 battery; (c) Li-S battery"

Fig.3

One-dimensional fiber-type lithium-ion batteries. (a) Schematic diagram of structure of flexible fiber lithium-ion battery, with MWCNT/LTO and MWCNT/LMO composite yarns as anode and cathode, respectively; (b) Photos of fiber battery deformed into different shapes; (c) Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves of fiber battery before and after bending; (d) Schematic diagram of fiber electrode structure; (e) Schematic diagram of coating process; (f) Photo of anode-cathode contact; (g) SEM images of carbon nanotube-coated carbon fiber, LFO/C-rGO active material and polyvinylidene fluoride coated on same fiber"

Fig.4

One-dimensional fiber-type Li-S batteries. (a) Schematic diagram of carbon nanocomposite fibers and GO/CMK-3/S; (b) Hybrid fibers wrapped around titanium wire and SEM and TEM images at different magnifications; (c) GCD curves at 0.1 C and cycle performance at 1 C; (d) Potential distribution of cable-type Li-S battery; (e) Photos of cable-type Li-S battery in bent and twisted states"

Fig.5

One-dimensional fiber-type Li-O2 batteries. (a) Schematic diagram of working mechanism of Li-O2 batteries with and without LDPE film in air; (b) Schematic diagram of structure of fiber-type Li-O2 battery; (c) Charge and discharge curves and cycle performance at 2 000 mA/g; (d) Charge and discharge curves of fiber-type Li-O2 battery after 500 and 1 000 bending cycles; (e) Structure and photo of fiber-type LixSi-O2 battery; (f) Charge and discharge curves of fiber-type LixSi-O2 battery; (g) Performance of fiber-type LixSi-O2 battery under various deformations"

Fig.6

Two-dimensional textile-type lithium-ion batteries. (a) Schematic diagram of textile-type lithium-ion battery; (b) Photos of battery coated on textile; (c) SEM images of cross-section of textile-type lithium-ion battery; (d) Charge and discharge curves of textile-type lithium-ion battery at different bending angles; (e) Schematic diagram of preparation of graded silicon-carbon textile electrodes; (f) SEM image of silicon nanowires uniformly coated on carbon fibers; (g) Voltage tests of textile-type lithium-ion battery in different bending states"

Fig.7

From one-dimensional fiber batteries to two-dimensional textile batteries. (a) Fiber-type lithium-ion battery woven into cotton textile; (b) Fiber-type Li-S battery woven into textile; (c) Fiber-type Li-O2 battery woven into fabric; (d) Fiber-type lithium-ion battery woven into flexible textile battery; (e) Fiber-type LixSi-O2 battery woven into flexible textile battery"

Fig.8

Integration of textile-based batteries and TENG cloth. (a) Photo of original Ni cloth substrate, LiFePO4 coated cathode and Li4Ti5O12 coated anode; (b) Photo of electrode bending; (c) SEM image of electrode after complete folding; (d) Photo of textile-type lithium-ion battery; (e) Voltage curves and cycle performance of textile-type lithium-ion battery bent at different angles; (f) Equivalent circuit and photo of self-charging system composed of textile battery and TENG textile"

Fig.9

Integration of textile-based batteries and solar cells. (a) Textile electrode preparation process; (b) Schematic diagram of structure of textile electrode yarn; (c) Comparison of electrodes based on metal foil and textile during folding; (d) Charge and discharge curves of textile-based batteries under folded/unfolded conditions; (e) Schematic diagram, photos, and equivalent circuit diagrams of integrated polymer solar cells and textile-based batteries in different modes; (f) Battery operation demonstration"

[1] WANG Z, SHI X, PENG H S. Alternating current electroluminescent fibers for textile displays[J]. National Science Review, 2023. DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac193.
[2] TAN P, WANG H F, XIAO F R, et al. Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics[J]. Nature Communications, 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28027-y.
[3] ZHOU Z H, CHEN K, LI X S, et al. Sign-to-speech translation using machine-learning-assisted stretchable sensor arrays[J]. Nature Electronics, 2020, 3(9): 571-578.
[4] MO F N, LIANG G J, HUANGZ D, et al. An overview of fiber-shaped batteries with a focus on multifunctionality, scalability, and technical diffi-culties[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902151.
[5] ZHANG T Y, WU J J, WANG Y C, et al. Perspective in textile energy storage integrated textile elements: textile materials, structure, and manufactured methods[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2024. DOI:10.1002/aenm.202470039.
[6] ZHAI S L, KARAHAN H E, WEI L, et al. Textile energy storage: structural design concepts, material selection and future perspectives[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2016, 3: 123-139.
[7] DUNN B, KAMATH H, TARASCON J M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6058): 928-935.
doi: 10.1126/science.1212741 pmid: 22096188
[8] MANTHIRAM A. A reflection on lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry[J]. Nature Communications, 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15355-0.
[9] JI L W, LIN Z, ALCOUTLABI M, et al. Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(8): 2682-2699.
[10] BRUCE P G, FREUNBERGER S A, HARDWICK L J, et al. Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage[J]. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(1): 19-29.
[11] AFROJ S, TAN S R, ABDELKADER A M, et al. Highly conductive, scalable, and machine washable graphene-based e-textiles for multifunctional wearable electronic applications[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000293.
[12] HU L B, MANTIA F L, WU H, et al. Lithium-ion textile batteries with large areal mass loading[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2011, 1(6): 1012-1017.
[13] HONG H, HU J Y, YAN X. UV curable conductive ink for the fabrication of textile-based conductive circuits and wearable UHF RFID tags[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(30): 27318-27326.
[14] SHAHARIAR H, KIM I, BHAKTA R, et al. Direct-write printing process of conductive paste on fiber bulks for wearable textile heaters[J]. Smart Materials and Structures, 2020. DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/ab8c25.
[15] CIE C. Ink jet textile printing[D]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015: 111-123.
[16] KIM I, JU B, ZHOU Y, et al. Microstructures in all-inkjet-printed textile capacitors with bilayer interfaces of polymer dielectrics and metal-organic decomposition silver electrodes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(20): 24081-24094.
[17] STEMPIEN Z, RYBICKI T, RYBICKI E, et al. In-situ deposition of polyaniline and polypyrrole electroconductive layers on textile surfaces by the reactive ink-jet printing technique[J]. Synthetic Metals, 2015, 202: 49-62.
[18] HUANG Y, IP W S, LAU Y Y, et al. Weavable, conductive yarn-based NiCo//Zn textile battery with high energy density and rate capability[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(9): 8953-8961.
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03322 pmid: 28813141
[19] PALCHOUDHURY S, RAMASAMY K, GUPTA R K, et al. Flexible supercapacitors: a materials perspec-tive[J]. Forntiers in Materials, 2019. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2018.00083.
[20] LI Z, HUANG T Q, GAO W W, et al. Hydrothermally activated graphene fiber fabrics for textile electrodes of supercapacitors[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(11): 11056-11065.
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05092 pmid: 29035519
[21] ZHANG D. Advances in filament yarn spinning of textiles and polymers[M]. The Netherlands, 2014:19-23.
[22] XIA Z, LI S, WU G Q, et al. Manipulating hierarchical orientation of wet-spun hybrid fibers via rheological engineering for Zn-ion fiber batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.148334.
[23] ZHENG Y, MAN Z M, ZHANG Y, et al. High-performance stretchable supercapacitors based on centrifugal electrospinning-directed hetero-structured graphene-polyaniline hierarchical fabric[J]. Advanced Fiber Materials, 2023, 5(5): 1759-1772.
[24] KIM B, KONCAR V, DEVAUX E, et al. Electrical and morphological properties of PP and PET conductive polymer fibers[J]. Synthetic Metals, 2004, 146(2): 167-174.
[25] REN J, ZHANG Y, BAI W Y, et al. Elastic and wearable wire-shaped lithium-ion battery with high electrochemical performance[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2014, 53(30): 7864-7869.
[26] HA S H, KIM S J, KIM H J, et al. Fibrous all-in-one monolith electrodes with a biological gluing layer and a membrane shell for weavable lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(15): 6633-6641.
[27] FANG X, WENG W, REN J, et al. A cable-shaped lithium sulfur battery[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(3): 491-496.
doi: 10.1002/adma.201504241
[28] WANG L, PAN J, ZHANG Y, et al. A Li-air battery with ultralong cycle life in ambient air[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704378.
[29] ZHANG Y, JIAO Y D, LU L J, et al. An ultraflexible silicon-oxygen battery fiber with high energy density[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56(44): 13741-13746.
[30] DE B, YADAV A, KHAN S, et al. A facile methodology for the development of a printable and flexible all-solid-state rechargeable battery[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(23): 19870-19880.
[31] LIU B, WANG X F, CHEN H T, et al. Hierarchical silicon nanowires-carbon textiles matrix as a binder-free anode for high-performance advanced lithium-ion batteries[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013. DOI: 10.1038/srep01622.
[32] PU X, LI L X, SONG H Q, et al. A self-charging power unit by integration of a textile triboelectric nanogenerator and a flexible lithium-ion battery for wearable electro-nics[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(15): 2472-2478.
[33] LEE Y H, KIM J S, NOH J Y, et al. Wearable textile battery rechargeable by solar energy[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(11): 5753-5761.
[34] CHEN Y J, XU B G, WEN J F, et al. Design of novel wearable, stretchable, and waterproof cable-type supercapacitors based on high-performance nickel cobalt sulfide-coated etching-annealed yarn electrodes[J]. Small, 2018. DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704373.
[35] PAN Z H, YANG J, LI L H, et al. All-in-one stretchable coaxial-fiber strain sensor integrated with high-performing supercapacitor[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 25: 124-130.
[36] MUN T J, KIM S H, PARK J W, et al. Wearable energy generating and storing textile based on carbon nanotube yarns[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020. DOI:10.1002/adfm.202000411.
[37] WANG Z P, CHENG J L, GUAN Q, et al. All-in-one fiber for stretchable fiber-shaped tandem super-capacitors[J]. Nano Energy, 2018, 45: 210-219.
[38] UZUN S, SEYEDIN S Y, STOLTZFUS A L, et al. Knittable and washable multifunctional MXene-coated cellulose yarns[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201905015.
[39] WANG C F, HE T, CHENG J L, et al. Bioinspired interface design of sewable, weavable, and washable fiber zinc batteries for wearable power textiles[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004430.
[40] HUANG Q Y, WANG D R, HU H, et al. Additive functionalization and embroidery for manufacturing wearable and washable textile supercapacitors[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910541.
[1] LI Duo, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Difan, WU Jingxia, LU Kai, CHEN Peining. Construction and electromagnetic properties of Wi-Fi dual-band fabric antenna [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(05): 10-16.
[2] SHE Yemei, PENG Yangyang, WANG Fameng, PAN Ruru. Preparation and performance of flexible pressure sensor based on warp knitted spacer fabric [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 158-166.
[3] GUAN Tuxiang, WU Jian, BAO Ningzhong. Research progress in graphene fiber-based flexible supercapacitors prepared by microfluidic spinning [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(12): 205-215.
[4] LI Ganghua, WANG Hang, SHI Baohui, QU Lijun, TIAN Mingwei. Construction of flexible electronic fabric and its pressure sensing performance [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(02): 96-102.
[5] NIE Wenqi, SUN Jiangdong, XU Shuai, ZHENG Xianhong, XU Zhenzhen. Research progress in supercapacitors based on flexible textile fibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(07): 200-206.
[6] CHEN Yu, XIA Xin. Preparation and electrochemical properties of liquid GaSn self-repairing anode materials for lithium-ion batteries [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(06): 57-62.
[7] . Preparation and electrochemical characterization of composite separator for lithium-ion battery [J]. JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH, 2017, 38(01): 23-28.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd