纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (05): 195-201.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210300207

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纺织品洗涤过程中纤维微塑料的形成因素分析

崔玉莲, 刘红()   

  1. 青岛大学 纺织服装学院, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-01 修回日期:2022-01-04 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘红
  • 作者简介:崔玉莲(1997—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为微塑料的毒性研究。

Research on formation mechanisms of textile fibers microplastic during laundering

CUI Yulian, LIU Hong()   

  1. College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
  • Received:2021-03-01 Revised:2022-01-04 Published:2022-05-15 Online:2022-05-30
  • Contact: LIU Hong

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摘要：

为明晰纺织品洗涤过程对纤维微塑料形成的影响,分析了目前纤维微塑料在纺织品生命周期中的来源及存在方式,综述了纤维种类、纱线结构、织物组织、后整理过程对纤维微塑料形成的影响,并结合洗衣机洗涤机制及洗涤参数对洗涤过程纤维微塑料形成机制进行分析。分析认为:从合成纤维纺织品中脱落的纤维微塑料是环境中微塑料来源之一,洗涤过程中摩擦力对衣物磨损较大,是造成纤维微塑料脱落的重要原因;展望了纺织行业纤维微塑料的未来研究目标,以期共同推进洗涤、烘干程序优化及过滤处理等相关技术的升级;未来研究应从多角度出发,加强环境优化和纺织领域的结合。

关键词: 纤维微塑料, 微塑料, 纺织品, 洗衣机洗涤, 洗涤参数, 纺织品生命周期

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of textile washing process on the formation of micro fibers, the source and existing mode of micro fiber in the textile life cycle were analyzed. The types of fibers, yarn structure, fabric structure and micro fiber formation factors in the finishing process were summarized from the aspect of laundering. Combined with washing mechanism and washing parameters of washing machine, the formation mechanism of micro fibers in the washing process was analyzed. The analysis shows that microfibers shed from synthetic textiles are one of the sources of micro plastics in the environment, and that the abrasion occurring in the washing process has a greater impact on the fabric wear, which is an important reason for the micro fiber shedding. The future research objectives of micro fiber in textile industry are prospected, aiming at the optimization of washing and drying process, and the upgrading filtering technology, micro treatment technology and other related technologies. Researchers should pay more attention to the combination of environmental optimization and textile technology from various perspectives.

Key words: fiber microplastic, micro plastic, textiles, machine washing, washing parameter, life cycle of textiles

中图分类号: 

  • TS102

图1

微塑料来源"

表1

我国沿海、河口以及内陆水域微塑料的分布、丰度、粒径"

调查区域 具体位置 粒径 微塑料丰度
东海 沿海水域 (2.01±2.01) mm (0.167±0.138) 个/m3
长江 河口 (0.90±0.74) mm (4 137.3±2 461.5) 个/m3
(1 174.5±
41.8) μm		 20~340个/kg(干态质量)
椒江
瓯江
闽江		 河口 0.5~5 mm (955.6±848.7) 个/m3
(680.0±284.6) 个/m3
(1 245.8±531.5) 个/m3
洞庭湖 湖泊 <330 μm 900~2 800 个/m3
洪湖 湖泊 <330 μm 1 250~4 650 个/m3
三峡库区 主干
支流
0.112~5.0 mm		 3 407.7~13 617 个/km2
192.5~11 889.7 个/km2

图2

棉纱和涤纶纱光学显微镜图像"

图3

织物洗涤过程纤维微塑料脱落途径"

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