纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 81-89.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210300309

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学行为及其损伤机制

袁琼1, 邱海鹏2, 谢巍杰2, 王岭2, 王晓猛2, 张典堂1(), 钱坤1   

  1. 1.生态纺织教育部重点实验室(江南大学), 江苏 无锡 214122
    2.航空工业复合材料技术中心, 北京 101300
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-01 修回日期:2021-08-09 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 张典堂
  • 作者简介:袁琼(1994—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为陶瓷基复合材料。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项资助项目(2017_VI_0007_0076);国家自然科学基金项目(11702115);国家自然科学基金项目(12072131);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20170166);军委科技委基础强化项目(2014_JCJQ_ZD_035);江苏省研究生科研与创新计划项目(SJCX20_0754)

Mechanical properties and damage mechanism of three-dimensional six-directional braided SiCf/SiC composites

YUAN Qiong1, QIU Haipeng2, XIE Weijie2, WANG Ling2, WANG Xiaomeng2, ZHANG Diantang1(), QIAN Kun1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles(Jiangnan University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
    2. Aerospace Composites Technology Center, Beijing 101300, China
  • Received:2021-03-01 Revised:2021-08-09 Published:2021-12-15 Online:2021-12-29
  • Contact: ZHANG Diantang

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摘要：

为解决陶瓷基复合材料在服役过程中因拉伸和弯曲导致的失效问题,以三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料为研究对象,分析了受力过程中复合材料力学行为与纤维及结构的联系机制。采用微计算机断层扫描技术获得材料结构及孔隙的三维图像,对复合材料纵向和横向进行拉伸、弯曲性能测试,并阐明其损伤机制。结果表明:复合材料呈现明显的各向异性特性,纵向拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别是横向的10.37、5.06倍;复合材料不同方向受力的损伤模式不同,拉伸载荷下纵向试样裂纹沿着六向纱呈Z字形扩展,而横向试样裂纹沿着编织轴向扩展,最终导致拉伸破坏;弯曲载荷下裂纹沿着厚度方向扩展,并最终导致纵向及横向试样的韧性断裂,且纵向韧性优于横向。

关键词: 三维六向编织物, SiCf/SiC复合材料, 复合材料失效, 单轴拉伸, 三点弯曲测试, 损伤机制

Abstract:

Aiming at the failure of ceramic matrix composites upon tensile and bending loading during service, the three-dimensional six-directional braided SiCf/SiC composites were investigated, and the mechanism of the mechanical properties of the composites and the relationship between the fiber and structure during the stress process was analyzed. Microcomputer tomography technology was used to obtain three-dimensional images of the material structure and pores, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile/bending properties of the composite material were tested, and the damage mechanism was discussed. The results show that the three-dimensional six-directional braided SiCf/SiC composites exhibit obvious anisotropic characteristics, and the longitudinal tensile and bending strength is 10.37 and 5.06 times that in the transverse direction, respectively. The damage modes of the composites under different forces were found to be different. Under tensile loading, the longitudinal cracks expand along a zigzag route formed by the six-direction yarns, while the transverse cracks expand along the braid axis, resulting in tensile failure. Under bending loading, the cracks expand along the thickness direction and finally cause the ductile fracture in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and the longitudinal toughness was found better than the transverse toughness.

Key words: three-dimensional six-directional braided fabric, SiCf/SiC composite, composite failure, uniaxial tensile, three-point bending test, damage mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TB332

图1

三维六向编织预制体形态"

图2

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料形貌"

图3

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料纵向和横向拉伸应力-应变曲线"

表1

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸力学性能"

试样方向 拉伸强度/MPa 拉伸模量/GPa 断裂应变/%
纵向 243.29±44.71 265.87±10.08 0.30±0.17
横向 23.45±3.22 28.39±9.61 0.26±0.07

图4

纵向SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸损伤形貌"

图5

横向SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸损伤形貌"

图6

SiCf/SiC复合材料纵向和横向拉伸受力图"

图7

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料纵向和横向弯曲应力-挠度曲线"

表2

三维六向编织SiCf/SiC复合材料弯曲力学性能"

试样方向 弯曲强度/MPa 弯曲模量/GPa 断裂挠度/mm
纵向 469.76±37.22 117.31±38.44 0.49±0.01
横向 92.90±13.51 80.81±12.52 0.30±0.03

图8

纵向SiCf/SiC复合材料弯曲损伤形貌"

图9

横向SiCf/SiC复合材料弯曲损伤形貌"

图10

三点弯曲加载示意图及SiCf/SiC复合材料纵向和横向弯曲受力图"

表3

SiCf/SiC三维六向编织复合材料拉伸/弯曲关系"

试样方向 拉伸强度/
MPa		 弯曲强度/
MPa		 拉伸/弯曲
强度比		 弯曲试样
体积/cm3		 拉伸试样标距
段体积/cm3		 m值
纵向 243.29±44.71 469.76±37.22 0.52 3 000 1 250 5.3
横向 23.45±3.22 92.90±13.51 0.25 3 000 1 250 0.6
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