纺织学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 233-241.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221003402

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

个体冷却服的研究现状与发展趋势

刘雨婷1, 宋泽涛1, 赵胜男2, 王星岚1, 常素芹1()   

  1. 1.北京服装学院 材料设计与工程学院, 北京 100029
    2.际华集团股份有限公司系统工程中心, 北京 100071
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-14 修回日期:2023-06-09 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 常素芹(1977—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为个体防护服装的设计及性能评价。E-mail: csqdlut@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘雨婷(1999—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为服装工效学。
  • 基金资助:
    北京学者计划项目(RCQJ20303)

Research status and development trend in individual cooling garment

LIU Yuting1, SONG Zetao1, ZHAO Shengnan2, WANG Xinglan1, CHANG Suqin1()   

  1. 1. School of Material Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Systematic Engineering Center of JIHUA Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
  • Received:2022-10-14 Revised:2023-06-09 Published:2023-12-15 Online:2024-01-22

摘要:

个体冷却服可缓解在户外高温环境中工作人员所出现的热应激问题从而提高工作效率。为解决个体冷却服在研发和使用过程中所出现的冷却时间短、衣内潮湿、冷却介质泄漏等关键问题,结合国内外最新研究成果,从冷却系统及其质量、降温区间、移动方式、使用场景等角度,分别介绍了气体冷却、液体冷却、相变冷却、混合冷却 4种类型的基础冷却服的研究进展,并重点归纳总结了热电冷却系统、辐射冷却系统、新材料冷却系统和真空干燥剂冷却系统4种新型冷却系统。从冷却材料包装、温度控制技术、新材料等影响冷却服性能的主要因素出发认为,未来冷却服的研发要关注6个方面:面料选择、新型冷却材料研发、制冷介质包装优化、自动调节热交换网络设计、冷却服综合工效学评价、微型智能温控面料及系统开发。

关键词: 功能服装, 冷却服, 热应激, 热电冷却系统, 辐射冷却系统, 新材料冷却系统

Abstract:

Significance In high-temperature environments during the summer and high heat scene, workers' body core temperature keeps rising, leading to heat stress issues such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and heat cramp. Individual cooling garment are capable of mitigating heat stress issues that workers may experience in high-temperature environments. By regulating the temperature inside the clothing, they enhance the comfort of the wearer and improve their work efficiency. These suits serve as effective protective equipment with notable cooling effect. Traditional individual cooling garment face key issues such as short cooling duration, hot and humid when worn, and coolant leakage. The emergence of new cooling systems has provided research directions for improving cooling garment. Based on the latest research findings, the classification of cooling garment from a cooling system perspective has been introduced. The latest cooling system designs have been summarized, and the main factors influencing cooling garment performance have been analyzed. Additionally, the future development trends have been outlined with the aim of providing reference for the research and development of cooling garment.
Progress It is crucial to develop new cooling systems and find solutions to enhance the comfort of cooling garment. Researchers have conducted extensive studies to improve cooling systems, aiming to enhance cooling effectiveness and refrigeration efficiency. In the field of gas cooling garment, researchers have compared the impact of garment size and ventilation rate on thermal resistance and cooling effectiveness. The results indicate that loose-fitting gas cooling garment exhibit superior ventilation efficiency and cooling effectiveness compared to form-fitting suits. To address practical applications, researchers have developed gas cooling garment with adjustable fan speeds. The results demonstrate that incorporating fans both in the front and back of the garment not only improves comfort but also reduces energy waste while maintaining longer cooling effects. In the field of liquid cooling garment, the latest approach for pipe preparation involves using PU fabric and heat pressing techniques to create cooling pipes. Liquid cooling garment designed with semiconductor refrigeration devices have effectively addressed coolant leakage issues and improved thermal comfort for wearers. Regarding pipe layout, research indicates that transverse arrangement of cooling pipes yields higher cooling efficiency compared to longitudinal arrangement. In the field of phase-change cooling garment, multiple studies have shown that increasing the temperature difference between the cooling pack and the environment improves cooling efficiency. Therefore, scholars have developed hybrid cooling jackets using dry ice and fans, resulting in improved refrigeration efficiency, extended cooling duration, and easier cleaning of the cooling garment. In the development of new cooling garment, thermoelectric refrigeration systems are gaining attention. These systems do not require compressors and allow for quick and accurate adjustment of cooling efficiency by regulating electric current. The temperature range that can be controlled is wide (-130 ℃ to 90 ℃), and there is no risk of refrigerant leakage with semiconductor cooling plates. Radiative cooling is another research direction of interest. Nanofabricated silk cooling garment based on radiative cooling principles can lower skin temperature by 8 ℃ in high-temperature environments, meeting comfort requirements. Furthermore, it is essential to develop new materials that offer excellent wearer comfort, high cooling efficiency, and enhanced environmental sustainability for new cooling systems. Examples include temperature-sensitive shape-memory bacteria and nanoporous polyethylene materials. Addressing the portability issues of convection-based gas cooling garment and insufficient power supply for cooling devices, a vacuum desiccant cooling (VDC) system has been developed. VDC pads are prepared and initialized by a high-performance vacuum pump, with the vacuum layer facilitating evaporation for cooling effects.
Conclusion and Prospect The development of cooling clothing in the future is mainly reflected in the research and development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effect, and in optimizing the packaging of the cooling medium to reduce energy waste. The future development of cooling clothing is mainly reflected in the development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effects and new lightweight and durable materials. The following are believed to represent the research directions: optimization of the packaging of cooling medium to reduce energy wastel; further research and development of automatic adjustment heat exchange network to improve wearing comfort; more comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of cooling garment, taking into account the thermal perceptual response and ergonomics and other factors to improve the performance of cooling garment, and development of more intelligent, simple, miniaturized intelligent temperature control system.

Key words: functional clothing, cooling garment, heat stress, thermoelectric cooling system, radiation cooling system, new material cooling system

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.17

表1

冷却服的分类"

类别 降温
方式
降温
方法
冷却
系统
使用场景
要求
气体冷却服 主动式 蒸发、对流 空气 防爆、防电
液体冷却服 主动式 传导散热 液体 防爆、防电
相变冷却服 被动式 传导、辐射 固液冷却剂

图1

使用PU布料为冷却管路的冷却服"

图2

冷却包的摆放方式"

图3

轻质热电冷却服"

图4

辐射冷却材料能量交换示意"

图5

利用变形细菌制备的通风服"

图6

两代VDC垫"

图7

自动调节热交换网络"

图8

相变双向调温织物"

[1] 黄韶华, 沈义庆. 高温高湿环境对人情绪的影响[J]. 中国医药科学, 2016, 6(4): 221-222.
HUANG Shaohua, SHEN Yiqing. Effects of high temperature and high humidity on human emotions[J]. Chinese Medical Science, 2016, 6(4): 221-222.
[2] 孙继锋, 吴东利, 赵利端. 以人为本视域下服装舒适性的重要性及功能评价探究:评《服装舒适性与功能》[J]. 毛纺科技, 2022, 50(3): 135-136.
SUN Jifeng, WU Dongli, ZHAO Liduan. Research on the importance and function evaluation of clothing comfort from the perspective of people-oriented-comment on:clothing comfort and function[J]. Wool Textile Journal, 2022, 50(3): 135-13.
[3] ROELOFSEN P, JANSEN K. Comfort and performance improvement through the use of cooling vests for construction workers[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2023, 35(1): 152-161.
[4] MORRIS N B, JAY O, FLOURIS A D, et al. Sustainable solutions to mitigate occupational heat strain-an umbrella review of physiological effects and global health perspectives[J]. Environmental Health, 2020, 19(1): 1-24.
[5] BARTKOWIAK G, DABROWSKA A, MARSZALEK A. Assessment of an active liquid cooling garment intended for use in a hot environment[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2017, 58: 182-189.
[6] 王小波, 钱晓明, 王立晶, 等. 液体冷却服研究进展及消防应用可行性研究[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(6): 198-207.
WANG Xiaobo, QIAN Xiaoming, WANG Lijing, et al. Research progress of liquid cooling garments and feasibility study of fire application[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(6): 198-207.
[7] 张昭华, 李璐瑶, 安瑞平. 管道式通风服头部与躯干部位的热湿舒适性评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(8): 88-94.
ZHANG Zhaohua, LI Luyao, AN Ruiping. Evaluation of thermal and moisture comfort of the head and torso of pipeline ventilation clothing[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(8): 88-94.
[8] LI Z, KE Y, WANG F, et al. Personal cooling strategies to improve thermal comfort in warm indoor environments: comparison of a conventional desk fan and air ventilation clothing[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018, 174: 439-451.
[9] 党天华, 赵蒙蒙, 钱静. 基于微型风扇阵列的通风服研发与测评[J]. 现代纺织技术, 2022, 30(4): 214-221,229.
DANG Tianhua, ZHAO Mengmeng, QIAN Jing. Development and evaluation of ventilation garment based on miniature fan array[J]. Modern textile technology, 2022, 30(4): 214-221,229.
[10] YI W, ZHAO Y, CHAN A P. Evaluation of the ventilation unit for personal cooling system(PCS)[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2017, 58: 62-68.
[11] YANG J, WANG F, SONG G, et al. Effects of clothing size and air ventilation rate on cooling performance of air ventilation clothing in a warm condition[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022, 28(1): 354-363.
[12] YUAN M, WEI Y, AN Q, et al. Effects of a liquid. cooling vest on physiological and perceptual responses while wearing stab-resistant body armor in a hot environment[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022, 28(2): 1025-1032.
[13] 牛丽, 钱晓明, 范金土, 等. 可降温式消防服的设计与降温效果评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2018, 39(6): 106-112.
NIU Li, QIAN Xiaoming, FAN Jintu, et al. Design and cooling effect evaluation of cooling firefighter clothing[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2018, 39(6): 106-112.
[14] 张莎, 葛希逛, 刘进步. 热环境下液体冷却服(LCG)的性能评估[J]. 仪器与设备, 2022. DOI:10.12677/IaE.2022.101004.
ZHANG Sha, GE Xiguang, LIU Jinbu. Performance Evaluation of liquid cooling garments(LCG) in Thermal Environment[J]. Instrumentation and Equipments, 2022. DOI:10.12677/IaE.2022.101004.
[15] GOLBABAEI F, HEYDARI A, MORADI G, et al. The effect of cooling vests on physiological and perceptual responses: a systematic review[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022, 28(1): 223-255.
[16] ITANI M, OUAHRANI D, GHADDAR N, et al. The effect of PCM placement on torso cooling vest for an active human in hot environment[J]. Building and Environment, 2016, 107: 29-42.
[17] HAMDAN H, GHADDAR N, OUAHRANI D, et al. PCM cooling vest for improving thermal comfort in hot environment[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016, 102: 154-167.
[18] 梁国治, 周孟颖, 张奋奋. 矿用降温服的研究与应用[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2014, 41(3): 39-42.
LIANG Guozhi, ZHOU Mengying, ZHANG Fenfen. Research and application of mine cooling clothing[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2014, 41(3): 39-42.
[19] GAO C, KUKLANE K, HOLMÉR I. Cooling vests with phase change material packs: the effects of temperature gradient, mass and covering area[J]. Ergonomics, 2010, 53(5): 716-723.
[20] LI W, LIANG Y, LIU C, et al. Study of ultra-light modular phase change cooling clothing based on dynamic human thermal comfort modeling[J]. Building and Environment, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109390.
[21] ZHENG Q, KE Y, WANG H. Design and evaluation of.cooling workwear for miners in hot underground mines using PCMs with different temperatures[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022, 28(1): 118-128.
[22] ITANI M, GHADDAR N, GHALI K. Innovative PCM-desiccant packet to provide dry microclimate and improve performance of cooling vest in hot environ-ment[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 140: 218-2270.
[23] 高海庆, 李皖皖, 王军. 流态冰蓄冷式空调衣的设计及制冷特性研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2020, 48(2): 57-62.
GAO Haiqing, LI Wanwan, WANG Jun. Design and refrigeration characteristics of flowing ice storage air conditioning clothing[J]. Low Temperature and Superconductivity, 2020, 48(2): 57-62.
[24] BENITO M, LOZANO D, MIRÓ F. Clinical evaluation of exercise-induced physiological changes in military working dogs (MWDS) resulting from the use or non-use of cooling vests during training in moderately hot environments[J]. Animals, 2022, 12(18): 2347-2347.
[25] LU Y, WEI F, LAI D, et al. A novel personal cooling system (PCS) incorporated with phase change mate-rials (PCMs) and ventilation fans: an investigation on its cooling efficiency[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2015, 52: 137-146.
[26] CHAN A P, ZHANG Y, WANG F, et al. A field study of the effectiveness and practicality of a novel hybrid personal cooling vest worn during rest in Hong Kong construction industry[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2017, 70: 21-27.
[27] 崔志英, 张佳欢, 金华文, 等. 新型降温服织物系统的设计与性能评价[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2019, 47(8): 9-12.
CUI Zhiying, ZHANG Jiahuan, JIN Huawen, et al. Design and performance evaluation of new cooling clothing fabric system[J]. Shanghai Textile Technology, 2019, 47(8): 9-12.
[28] HOU J, YANG Z, XU P, et al. Design and performance evaluation of novel personal cooling garment[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 154: 131-139.
[29] 韦帆汝, 王发明. 基于相变材料与微型通风风扇的新型个体混合冷却服在温热环境下的制冷效果研究[J]. 丝绸, 2016, 53(3): 1-8.
WEI Fanru, WANG Faming. Study on the cooling effect of a new type of individual mixed cooling garment based on phase change material and micro ventilation fan in warm environment[J]. Journal of Silk, 2016, 53(3): 1-8.
[30] SINGH V. Sheetal kavach: hybrid cooling jacket for healthcare workers in india[J]. International Journal of High School Research, 2022, 4(4): 97-100.
[31] ZHANG M, LI Z, WANG Q, et al. Research on refrigerant optimization and characteristic parameters based on thermoelectric refrigeration cooling gar-ment[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118606.
[32] XU Y, LI Z, WANG J, et al. Man-portable cooling garment with cold liquid circulation based on thermoelectric refrigeration[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117730.
[33] LOU L, SHOU D, PARK H, et al. Thermoelectric air conditioning undergarment for personal thermal management and HVAC energy saving[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110374.
[34] HSU P C, SONG A Y, CATRYSSE P B, et al. Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6303): 1019-1023.
[35] CAI L, SONG A Y, LI W, et al. Spectrally selective nanocomposite textile for outdoor personal cooling[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018. DOI:10.1002/adma.201802152.
[36] 孙晓洁, 高梦宇, 郑玉祥, 等. 辐射冷却材料的研究进展及应用[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2022, 41(1): 230-247.
SUN Xiaojie, GAO Mengyu, ZHENG Yuxiang, et al. Research progress and application of radiation cooling materials[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Wave, 2022, 41(1): 230-247.
[37] ZHU B, LI W, ZHANG Q, et al. Subambient daytime. radiative cooling textile based on nanoprocessed silk[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2021, 16(12): 1342-1348.
[38] WANG Wen, YAO Lining, CHENG Chinyi, et al. Harnessing the hygroscopic and biofluorescent behaviors of genetically tractable microbial cells to design biohybrid wearables[J]. Science Advances, 2021. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601984.
[39] KE Y, WANG F, XU P, et al. On the use of a novel nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) passive cooling material for personal thermal comfort management under uniform indoor environments[J]. Building and Environment, 2018, 145: 85-95.
[40] YANG Y, STAPLETON J, DIAGNE B T, et al. Man-portable personal cooling garment based on vacuum desiccant cooling[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 47: 18-24.
[41] YANG Y. Vacuum desiccant cooling for personal heat. stress managemen[D]. Ottawa: University of Ottawa, 2016. DOI:10.20381/ruor-4921.
[42] SONG Y N, MA R J, XU L, et al. Wearable polyethylene/polyamide composite fabric for passive human body cooling[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(48): 41637-41644.
[43] XU X, RIOUX T P, POMERANTZ N, et al. Heat strain. in chemical protective ensembles: effects of fabric thermal properties[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102435.
[44] KELLER S, KOHNE S, BLOCH W, et al. Comparison of two different cooling systems in alleviating thermal and physiological strain during prolonged exercise in the heat[J]. Ergonomics, 2021, 64(1): 129-138.
[45] WANG F, SONG W, KE Y, et al. Performance enhancement of hybrid personal cooling clothing in a hot environment: PCM cooling energy management with additional insulation[J]. Ergonomics, 2019, 62(7): 928-939.
[46] 郭制安, 隋智慧, 李亚萍, 等. 相变双向调温纺织材料制备技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3648-3659.
GUO Zhian, SUI Zhihui, LI Yaping, et al. Research progress in preparation technology of bi-directional thermo-regulated phase change textile materials[J]. Chemical Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3648-3659.
[1] 苗雪, 王永进, 王方明. 充气保暖复合面料厚度与热阻的相关性分析[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(11): 176-182.
[2] 吴珺秋, 李俊, 王敏. 相变冷却服热湿传递模型构建及其应用的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(08): 234-241.
[3] 江舒, 李俊. 婴儿被服热舒适性研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(08): 189-196.
[4] 马亮, 李俊. 多种智能技术在防寒服装功能研发中的应用进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(06): 206-214.
[5] 王小波, 钱晓明, 王立晶, 刘永胜, 白赫. 液体冷却服研究进展及消防应用可行性研究[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(06): 198-207.
[6] 张昭华, 李璐瑶, 安瑞平. 管道式通风服头部与躯干部位的热湿舒适性评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(08): 88-94.
[7] 郑晴, 王宏付, 柯莹, 李爽. 相变降温矿工服的设计与评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(03): 124-129.
[8] 朱方龙 樊建彬 冯倩倩 周宇. 相变材料在消防服中的应用及可行性分析[J]. 纺织学报, 2014, 35(8): 124-0.
[9] 王云仪, 赵蒙蒙. 高温强辐射下相变降温背心的热调节作用客观测评[J]. 纺织学报, 2012, 33(5): 101-105.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!