Abstract: This paper puts forward a new quantiative and qualitative judgment method concerning operation state of textile equipment based on extension theory,sets up the matter-element model of equipment operation state evaluation,and researches the extension superiority evaluation method based on associated function.An applied study is conducted taking a carding machine of a cotton mill as example and the results show that this carding machine′s operation state has already departed from good stage,and the current state is situated between good and ordinary.So,the operation state of this carding machine will deteriorate gradually and enter item repair stage as time goes on.Moreover,it is feasible to solve the issue of judging operation state of textile equipment by establishing judgment model based on extenics,and this method can judge not only superiority-inferiority of equipment,but also the degree of various operation states.