柔性多孔超疏水电极的制备及其防雾性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240800901

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为抵御外环境中小液滴(雾)对多孔电极材料的浸润作用以及雾滴凝聚所产生的长期电信号干扰,采用涂层法在多孔聚氨酯海绵(PU)上构筑炭黑(CB)导电层,制备柔性多孔电极;再对柔性电极用十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(OTMS)进行疏水化处理,制得柔性多孔超疏水电极,研究了电极的表面形态、浸润性能及表面温度对材料电响应性能的影响规律。结果表明:CB和OTMS能够均匀负载到PU海绵上制备柔性多孔超疏水电极;该电极表面的水接触角为152.5°,滚动角为6.2°,展现出良好的超疏水性能,且OTMS涂层对电极的电性能几乎不影响;电极作为压力传感器展现出较高的灵敏度、较快的响应时间及良好的响应稳定性;另外电加热能够增强OTMS涂层对雾滴凝聚的抵御能力;因此,在OTMS涂层、多孔结构与电热效应协同作用下,该电极在600 s内实现了精准的压力信号响应。柔性多孔导电材料作为压力响应器件,在高湿度的环境中,实现了持久的抗干扰能力,拓宽了其在可穿戴设备中的应用。

关键词: 多孔导电材料, 超疏水, 柔性多孔电极, 十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷, 防雾性能

Abstract:

Objective Inspired by the dew on the tips of grass, condensation on the surface of materials is a very common phenomenon in nature. However, the accumulation of droplets is mainly attributed to the hydrophobic and waterproof layer on the surface of the materials. Due to the heat loss during the condensation, condensation on the porous electrodes will still affect the electrical response stability of the electrode, even if the porous electrode has a hydrophobic coating. Therefore, the surface of porous electrode should not only have hydrophobic properties, but also be able to maintain durable hydrophobic properties in a humid environment (such as fog, dew, etc.).

Method The conductive layer of carbon black (CB) was loaded on porous polyurethane (PU) sponge by electrostatic layer self-assembly method. Firstly, the PU sponge was coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), a positively charged polyelectrolyte. Because the CB had opposite charges on their surfaces, a chemical bond could form between CB and PEI through strong electrostatic attraction, allowing the CB to be stably coated onto the PU sponge. The above steps were repeated to complete the assembly process of multi-layer conductive CB to prepare CB/PU electrode. Then the sponge impregnated with OTMS solution was placed in an oven and heated at 70 ℃ for 3 h. Additionally, hydroxyl groups in the CB enabled their combination with OTMS via a silane coupling reaction.

Results The flexible porous electrode was coated with OTMS, showing its surface morphology, chemical groups, superhydrophobicity, pressure response properties, and the synergistic effect of superhydrophobicity, porous and temperature to resist infiltration of tiny droplets. Before CB conductive coating, the polyurethane sponge exhibited a smooth surface morphology. However, after coating with CB and OTMS, the sponge surface became rough. The CB and OTMS can be uniformly loaded on the polyurethane sponge, The chemical structure of the CB/OTMS was determined using FT-IR spectroscopy. After hydrophobization, the water contact angle increased to 152.5°, and the slip angle reached 6.2°, showing good superhydrophobic performance. OTMS coating has almost no effect on the conductivity of the CB/PU electrode, and the droplet accumulation on the OTMS/CB/PU electrode does not affect the electrical properties. As a pressure sensor, the flexible superhydrophobic porous electrode shows high sensitivity (103.18 kPa^-1), short response time (60 ms), and good response stability. Although the droplets aggregation on the flexible porous superhydrophobic electrode does not affect its electrochemical stability, the continuous spraying of droplets will interfere the electrical signal response. Based on the electrical signal response during the intermittent spraying process, it is inferred that the temperature of the droplet may be the main cause of the electrical signal response. In order to reduce the influence of the temperature of the droplets on the electrode, an external 20 V constant-voltage DC source was applied to heat the flexible porous superhydrophobic electrode at about 50 ℃. When the electrode is maintained at 50 ℃, it can compensate for the heat loss caused by the droplet spraying, and finally achieves the accurate pressure response behavior of the electrode material within 600 s. The surface of porous material treated by OTMS can achieve effective droplet aggregation, and temperature compensation can balance the temperature loss caused by droplet spray. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic stability of the porous electrode surface is maintained.

Conclusion The prepared flexible porous superhydrophobic electrode has excellent pressure response performance and anti-fogging performance. The long chain alkyl of OTMS has low surface energy, which can give the porous electrode superhydrophobic properties. In addition, electric heating is beneficial to the long alkyl chain extension of OTMS, and pores on the surface of electrode can provide a large number of sites for the condensation, thus increasing the aggregation efficiency. Morever, electric heating can further prevent the liquid film from penetrating into the porous electrode. The results demonstrate that the OTMS porous electrode has excellent superhydrophobicity and anti-wetting for fogs, and the flexible superhydrophobic porous electrode can be utilized to improve the environmental stability of pressure-responsive components.

Key words: porous conductive material, superhydrophobic, flexible porous electrode, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, anti-fogging performance

中图分类号:

TB34

丁亚茹, 张豪杰, 刘让同, 王一帆, 王晶晶. 柔性多孔超疏水电极的制备及其防雾性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(07): 169-176.

DING Yaru, ZHANG Haojie, LIU Rangtong, WANG Yifan, WANG Jingjing. Preparation and anti-fogging properties of flexible porous superhydrophobic electrode[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(07): 169-176.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240800901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I07/169

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