纤维素气凝胶在建筑节能领域中的应用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20260303502

纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (07): 82-92.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20260303502

• 第二十八届中国科协年会学术论文·减污降碳共性技术突破专栏· • 上一篇下一篇

纤维素气凝胶在建筑节能领域中的应用研究进展

刘荷¹^,², 赵石磊¹^,², 刘赋瑶¹^,², 马军³, 白媛³, 樊威¹^,²()

¹ 西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710048
² 西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048
³ 陕西元丰新材料科技有限公司, 陕西西安 710025

收稿日期:2026-03-13 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-29
通讯作者: 樊威(1986—),男,教授,博士。研究方向为先进纤维与多维纺织复合材料设计与制备。E-mail:fanwei@xpu.edu.cn。
作者简介:刘荷(2000—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品循环利用。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(12472141);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2025SYS-SYSZD-101);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2025CY-YBXM-533);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2025CY-YBXM-449);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2025GH-GHJD-030)

Applications of cellulose aerogel in building energy efficiency field

LIU He¹^,², ZHAO Shilei¹^,², LIU Fuyao¹^,², MA Jun³, BAI Yuan³, FAN Wei¹^,²()

¹ School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
² Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
³ Shaanxi Yuanfeng Prosafe Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710025, China

Received:2026-03-13 Revised:2026-04-30 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建筑围护结构是建筑热量交换的主要部位,其热损失在建筑能耗中占较大比例,提高围护结构保温性能对降低建筑能耗、实现节能减排具有重要意义。然而,传统保温材料在热工性能,环境友好性及综合性能方面仍存在不足,难以满足绿色低碳建筑发展的需求。纤维素气凝胶作为一种新型生物基多孔材料,具有来源广泛、密度低、孔隙率高和热导率低等特点,同时具备可再生和环境友好等优势,在建筑节能领域展现出良好的应用潜力。系统梳理了纤维素气凝胶的主要制备方法及性能改性策略,进一步归纳了纤维素气凝胶在墙体、屋面及门窗等建筑围护结构中的应用形式及保温效果。阐明了纤维素气凝胶在降低建筑围护结构传热系数、减少建筑热损失方面的作用及提升建筑能源利用效率方面的成效。同时,针对其在工程应用中的关键问题,分析了纤维素气凝胶在力学性能、耐久性及规模化制备等方面面临的挑战。最后,结合建筑节能与绿色低碳发展需求,对纤维素气凝胶在绿色低碳建筑保温材料领域的发展趋势与应用前景进行展望,以期为其工程化应用与推广提供参考。

关键词: 纤维素气凝胶, 建筑节能, 围护结构, 保温隔热, 功能改性, 绿色低碳建筑

Abstract:

Significance The building envelope is the main carrier of indoor and outdoor heat transfer. In actual use, heat loss from walls, roofs, doors and windows is the main factor causing building energy consumption. Therefore, improving the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope is a key measure to improve building energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and promote low-carbon and green development of the construction industry. Conventional insulation materials generally have obvious deficiencies in thermal performance, environmental friendliness and long-term service durability, thus are difficult to adapt to the high standards of modern green buildings. As a new green bio-based porous material, cellulose aerogel has outstanding characteristics such as wide source of raw materials, ultra-low density, low thermal conductivity, renewable and degradable, and so on. It is a new generation of high-efficiency building insulation materials with great application potential. In-depth research on its applications in the field of building energy efficiency can effectively promote the upgrade of envelope insulation technology and provide a new and effective path for sustainable, low-carbon and high-quality development of buildings.

Progress Cellulose aerogel has excellent properties such as renewability, biodegradability, and low thermal conductivity, and has significant advantages in the field of new thermal insulation materials. Its raw materials are widely available from low-cost biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry wastes and waste cotton textiles. It can achieve efficient resource recycling, significantly reduce environmental load, and have outstanding sustainability. In recent years, researchers have carried out much work on overcoming performance shortcomings. Through various strategies such as structure control, component compounding, and chemical modification, the mechanical strength, use safety, and long-term durability of cellulose aerogels are significantly improved, making them gradually meet the stringent application requirements in complex service scenarios of construction projects. At the same time, cellulose aerogel combined with functional materials achieved diversity, high-efficiency and energy-saving. Combined with phase-change materials, it can achieve efficient heat storage and stabilize indoor temperature fluctuations, and integrated with radiant refrigeration materials, it can achieve passive cooling under strong sunlight conditions, effectively reduce air-conditioning energy consumption, and further improve the overall energy efficiency of the building. In addition, transparent cellulose aerogels have been successfully used in light-transmitting components such as doors, windows, skylights, and glass curtain walls to achieve excellent thermal insulation effects while ensuring high visible light transmittance. Through energy consumption simulation and building performance analysis, it has been confirmed that cellulose aerogel has significant advantages in improving the thermal performance of the building envelope and reducing the total energy consumption of the building, and has huge application potential.

Conclusion and Prospect Cellulose aerogels are of great significance in promoting low-carbon development and energy conservation and efficiency improvement in the construction industry. In order to realize its large-scale engineering applications, it is necessary to develop low-cost preparation technology and carry out directional modification according to the actual needs of construction. At present, cellulose aerogels mainly rely on supercritical CO₂ drying and freeze-drying technology to produce, which requires large equipment investment and high energy consumption, seriously restricting its large-scale promotion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to optimize existing preparation processes and develop cost-effective, scalable production technologies in the future. Based on the actual service environment of the building, future research should focus on four major directions: 1) improving the mechanical and structural stability, enhancing pressure-bearing and creep resistance capabilities, and meeting the structural safety needs of the building for long-term service; 2) strengthening environmental adaptation and durability through integrated modification of hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance, so as to adapt to complex working conditions such as heat and humidity, salt spray, and so on; 3) optimizing the interface bonding performance, improving the compatibility and bonding strength with the building base material, and ensuring the overall reliability of the system; and 4) constructing a multi-functional intelligent integrated system that integrates thermal insulation, energy storage, energy saving and monitoring functions to expand applications in high-end and green low-carbon buildings.

Key words: cellulose aerogel, building energy efficiency, building envelope, thermal insulation, functional modification, green and low-carbon building

中图分类号:

TS102.9

刘荷, 赵石磊, 刘赋瑶, 马军, 白媛, 樊威. 纤维素气凝胶在建筑节能领域中的应用研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(07): 82-92.

LIU He, ZHAO Shilei, LIU Fuyao, MA Jun, BAI Yuan, FAN Wei. Applications of cellulose aerogel in building energy efficiency field[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(07): 82-92.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20260303502

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材料	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	水接触角/(°)	极限氧指数/%
CellA^[41]	0.017~0.029	>150	—
DPW^[42]	0.033~0.065	—	—
BNNS-g/CNF^[43]	0.052	—	36.0
TMLA^[44]	0.028	—	38.6
NFC-Si-T^[45]	0.028~0.049	—	42.6~51
LG70^[46]	0.023	—	30.1
CL-A@PD^[47]	0.021~0.029	137	36.5
SRA^[48]	径向0.030 轴向0.056	横截面164 径截面156	—
CNF aerogel^[49]	0.026	140.3	—
HSCA^[50]	0.038	151.4	—
MBC/LDH^[51]	0.034	142	34.1
M-T@CNF/PVA^[53]	0.155	—	—
SiO₂-PCC/GEL-HEC^[54]	0.049	152.3	—
HNFA^[56]	0.028	146	—
GFRA^[57]	0.029~0.042	115~120	31.5~34.5
PVA-GA-CNF^[58]	0.044	—	—
3PM2G^[59]	0.047	—	73
Cell/SiO₂^[60]	0.034	158.72	—
SC/BC@AS^[61]	—	133.58	—
CNF/BP^[62]	0.067	—	20.6

纤维素气凝胶在建筑节能领域中的应用研究进展

Applications of cellulose aerogel in building energy efficiency field

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