聚氯乙烯纤维机织物的制备及其复合膜结构和性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241107101

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (08): 80-88.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241107101

聚氯乙烯纤维机织物的制备及其复合膜结构和性能

李晗¹, 钱建华¹(), 翁可欣¹, 王澳¹, 戴宏祥², 单江音¹

1.浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江杭州 310018
2.杭州市质量计量科学研究院, 浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2024-11-27 修回日期:2025-06-11 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-15
通讯作者: 钱建华(1973—),男,教授,硕士。主要研究方向为功能性纤维材料和膜过滤材料。E-mail:qianjianhua@zstu.edu.cn。
作者简介:李晗(1999—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为膜过滤材料。
基金资助:
浙江理工大学科技创新活动计划项目(2024R406A008)

Preparation of woven fabrics from polyvinyl chloride fiber and their composite film structures and properties

LI Han¹, QIAN Jianhua¹(), WENG Kexin¹, WANG Ao¹, DAI Hongxiang², SHAN Jiangyin¹

1. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
2. Hangzhou Institute of Quality and Measurement Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China

Received:2024-11-27 Revised:2025-06-11 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高聚氯乙烯(PVC)平板膜的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,采用熔融纺丝工艺,纺制PVC长丝,并通过机织工艺制成PVC纤维机织物;以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为原材料,氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)为共混膜材料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)2000为成孔剂制备PVC/CPVC平板膜;分别采用PVC机织物(PVC-W)、涤纶(PET)机织物、聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布、PET纺黏非织造布为支撑层,涂覆上述铸膜液构建具有非对称性的复合膜。借助扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜表征复合膜形貌,同时测试样品的亲水性能、力学性能、耐酸碱腐蚀性能等。结果表明:以PVC-W为支撑层的复合膜(PVC-W-P)具有致密的微孔过滤层,表层与支撑层之间连接紧密,形成了机械互锁结构,增强了界面结合力,水接触角降低至50°,纯水通量增大1.5倍,蛋白截留率提高4.6%。PVC-W-P的断裂强力是原膜(PVC/CPVC-P)的17.6倍,经2.55 mol/L的H₂SO₄和6.25 mol/L的NaOH溶液腐蚀72 h,其断裂强力分别是PVC/CPVC-P的15.1倍和15.6倍。通过综合分析PVC-W对PVC-W-P性能的影响,为制备高性能的复合膜支撑体提供了理论参考。

关键词: 亲水性能, 耐腐蚀性能, 支撑层, 复合膜, 聚氯乙烯, 氯化聚氯乙烯, 过滤材料

Abstract:

Objective In order to improve the mechanical properties and acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the separation membrane, polyvinyl chloride(PVC)/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(CPVC) composite membrane with PVC mechanism mesh as the support layer was prepared. Membrane separation technology is widely used in petrochemical, biomedical, environmental protection, seawater desalination and other fields. Improving the mechanical properties and acid and alkali corrosion resistance of separation membranes would broaden the application range of separation membranes, improve the service life and save cost.

Method The polyvinyl chloride/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride flat sheet membrane was prepared by submerged phase separation method using PVC as raw material, CPVC as blended membrane material, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 as pore-former. The melt spinning process parameters were optimized for the preparation of polyvinyl chloride fibers filament, which was then made into PVC woven fabric. A composite membrane with asymmetric characteristics was constructed using polyvinyl chloride/CPVC flat sheet membrane as hydrophilic layer, and polyvinyl chloride braid as support layer.

Results The test results show that PVC-W-P (laminating film with PVC woven fabric as support body) has a dense microporous filtration layer, and the surface layer is closely connected to the support layer, forming a mechanical interlocking structure that enhances the interfacial bonding force, and the PVC support layer is successfully bonded to the bottom of the composite membrane. The surface roughness of the composite membrane increased, and the surface hydrophilicity improved. The water contact angle was reduced to 50°, the pure water flux was increased by 1.5 times, and the protein retention rate was increased by 4.6%. Under the condition of 6.25 mol/L NaOH and 2.55 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution treatment for 96 h, the mass loss rate of PVC fiber filament was more than 1% point, and the loss of breaking strength was 17% for 72 h. The PVC fibers were only partially hydrolyzed or degraded, and still retained most of the structural integrity. The breaking strength of PVC-W-P (laminating film with PVC woven fabric as support body) combined with PVC mechanism mesh was 17.6 times of that of PVC/CPVC-P (membranes without binding support bodies), and it was corroded by 2.55 mol/L H₂SO₄ and 6.25 mol/L NaOH solution for 72 h. Its breaking strength was 15.1 times and 15.6 times of that of PVC/CPVC-P (membranes without binding support bodies), respectively, and the PVC/CPVC-P after acid and alkali treatment had a retention rate decreased less. Comprehensively analyzing the influence of PVC/CPVC-P on the performance of PVC-W-P, the corrosion resistance to acid and alkali is greatly improved, and the composite membrane still has a greater strength after treatment with different concentrations of acid and alkali.

Conclusion PVC-W-P based on PVC woven mesh exhibits strong interfacial bonding, which significantly improves the hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the composite membrane. Under acid and alkali conditions, PVC-W-P still maintains excellent mechanical properties and good filtration performance, which extends the service life of the composite membrane. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the preparation of composite membrane supports with excellent performance.

Key words: hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, support layer, composite membrane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, filter material

中图分类号:

TQ051.893

李晗, 钱建华, 翁可欣, 王澳, 戴宏祥, 单江音. 聚氯乙烯纤维机织物的制备及其复合膜结构和性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(08): 80-88.

LI Han, QIAN Jianhua, WENG Kexin, WANG Ao, DAI Hongxiang, SHAN Jiangyin. Preparation of woven fabrics from polyvinyl chloride fiber and their composite film structures and properties[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(08): 80-88.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241107101

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I08/80

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试样编号	R_a/nm	R_q/nm
PVC/CPVC-P	4.84	6.12
PVC-W-P	12.10	16.50
PET-W-P	17.20	29.10
PP-M-P	8.47	12.30
PET-S-P	10.90	14.30

试样编号	断裂强力/N		断裂伸长率/%
试样编号	复合前	复合后	复合前	复合后
PVC/CPVC-P	12.2	—	28.5	—
PVC-W	192.3	215.1	32.0	30.9
PET-W	205.0	236.2	30.5	18.5
PP-M	4.8	18.6	14.5	12.1
PET-S	15.4	40.6	18.0	12.5

试样编号	酸处理后		碱处理后
试样编号	断裂强力/N	断裂伸长率/%	断裂强力/%	断裂伸长率%
PVC/CPVC-P	10.8	11.8	9.6	12.1
PVC-W-P	190.2	26.4	183.7	23.2
PET-W-P	13.4	7.9	12.5	5.0
PP-M-P	13.9	11.5	10.8	12.0
PET-S-P	33.6	18.5	31.8	15.5

试样编号	孔隙率/%	水接触角/(°)	酸处理后水接触角/(°)	碱处理后水接触角/(°)
PVC-CPVC-P	22.6	66.3	65.5	64.1
PVC-W-P	38.8	50.0	48.2	46.2
PET-W-P	35.6	61.0	57.1	55.1
PP-M-P	28.9	62.5	58.2	57.3
PET-S-P	33.9	57.1	53.8	52.1

试样编号	水通量/(L·m^-2·h^-1)			截留率/%
试样编号	未处理	酸处理后	碱处理后	未处理	酸处理后	碱处理后
PVC-CPVC-P	86	99	116	74	73.0	71.2
PVC-W-P	145	151	153	78	77.2	76.3
PET-W-P	136	157	162	80	72.1	70.5
PP-M-P	124	135	140	82	79.1	75.7
PET-S-P	141	149	156	75	72.8	71.0

聚氯乙烯纤维机织物的制备及其复合膜结构和性能

Preparation of woven fabrics from polyvinyl chloride fiber and their composite film structures and properties

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