Abstract: Chitosan was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid to fabricate CS nanofibers by electrospinning. The effect of solution mass concentration and the nonionic surfactant on electrospun nanofibers morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .The results show that the appropriate solution mass concentration of chitosan for electrospinning was from 3% to 6%; Significance test proved that solution mass concentration was the important factor to the fibers diameter; Spinnability of solution was improved by adding nonionic surfactant TX-15. The fine morphology of chitosan nanofiber could be obtained by adding mass concentration 2.5% of TX-15 into elctrospinning solution with 5% concentration.