面向减污降碳目标的纺织工业环境治理发展趋势

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210909010

Abstract

Abstract:

In the face of global fossil energy tightening, excess greenhouse gas emissions and severe water pollution control situation, reducing pollution and carbon emission is extremely urgent. As a traditional pillar industry in China, the development of textile industry constitutes as an important route for achieving the low-carbon green industry. In this review, this paper firstly analyzed the units of energy consumption and pollution emissions from the whole production chains. The main links of carbon emission and potentials for carbon reduction in the process of textile raw material, dyeing and finishing and finished product were dissected in details, and the cutting-edge technologies for the carbon reduction pollution control and resource recycling were summarized. Finally, based on exemplar case of Binhai Industrial Park in textile industry cluster in Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, the positive effect of industrial agglomeration on industrial carbon reduction was discussed from the perspective of environmental management. The future goals of pollution control and carbon reduction can only be achieved by the improvements in system, technology and management.

Key words: textile industry, carbon neutralization, pollution reduction, resource recovery, management system, textile industry cluster

CLC Number:

TS195

TANG Zhengkun, LIU Yanbin, XU Chenye, LIU Yanbiao, SHEN Chensi, LI Fang, WANG Huaping. Trend of environmental governance in textile industry aiming at carbon neutrality and emission reduction[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(01): 131-140.

Figures/Tables 12

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Effects of Fenton like technologies on printing and dyeing wastewater treatment"

反应体系	最佳反应条件			脱色率/%
反应体系	pH值	H₂O₂用量/ (mL·L^-1)	催化剂添加量/(g·L^-1)	脱色率/%
负载Bi改性硫铁矿^[12]	3.0	0.05	2 000	90.1
磁性Na-P型沸石^[13]	3.2	0.05	4 000	96.2
生物炭/H₂ $O 2 [14]$	3.0	0.1	90	99.99

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

Tab.7

Tab.8

Tab.9

Fig.1

Tab.10

Tab.11

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产品名称	能源消耗量			污染物产生量
产品名称	新鲜水/t	原料/ kg	综合能耗标准煤/kg	废水/ m³	COD产生量/kg	废气/ kg
氨纶	20.0	1 100.0	1 750	12.0	16.00	8
锦纶高强丝	2.8	1.0	280	1.2	0.80	—
锦纶切片	3.6	1.0	180	0.9	2.25	—
短纤维	2.2	1 025.0	215	1.6	2.30	—

产品名称	工序	能源消耗量		污染物产生量
产品名称	工序	用电量/ (kW·h)	综合能耗标准煤/kg	废水/ m³	COD产生量^[10]/kg
毛纤维^[6]	洗毛	500	610	44	181.3
毛纤维^[6]	碳化	500	610	44	7.3
蚕丝^[7,8]	缫丝	—	14 607	750	210.5
蚕丝^[7,8]	绢丝加工	—	14 607	750	9 918.5
麻纤维^[9]	亚麻脱胶	—	670	272	189.8
麻纤维^[9]	苎麻脱胶	—	670	272	319.8

产品名称	加工原料	能源消耗量			污染物产生量
产品名称	加工原料	新鲜水/t	电/(kW·h)	综合能耗标准煤/kg	废水/m³	COD产生量/kg
机织物	棉织物	1.8	35	37	1.5	4.8
	合成纤维织物	1.6	40	42	1.3	3.2
	混纺织物	2.4	47	45	2.2	7.4
针织物	棉织物	90.0	1 200	1 200	87.0	69.6
	合成纤维织物	80.0	1 300	1 300	78.0	74.1
	混纺织物	120.0	1 400	1 600	117.0	111.2
毛织物	散纤维、毛纱	130.0	1 500	1 400	110.0	143
	精梳毛织物	20.0	210	138	17.0	22.1
	粗梳毛织物	23.0	280	193	20.0	26.0
丝织物	—	3.0	28	40	2.7	3.0
纱线染色	棉	90.0	1 000	1 050	79.0	76.6
纱线染色	合成纤维	80.0	1 400	1 470	70.4	56.3

工艺	最佳反应条件		COD 去除率/%
工艺	催化剂添加量/ (g·L^-1)	pH值	COD 去除率/%
催化臭氧氧化 (MnFe₂O₄/CA)^[15]	1.00	—	75
臭氧氧化^[16]	—	13.0	62
催化臭氧氧化 (C-MgO-EMP)^[17]	0.23	4.3	93

材质	最佳反应条件	最佳效果
聚苯胺-碳纳米管 (阳极)^[21,22]	2.5 kW/m³	通量恢复:84.1% (<0.2 s),93.0% (20 min)
碳纳米管/氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺 (阳极)^[23]	6.0 W/m³	通量恢复: 96.0% (12 h)
亚氧化钛(阳极)^[24]	8.0 mA/cm²	亚甲基蓝去除率99.6%(105 min)
Ni掺杂Ti/SnO₂-Sb(阳极)^[25]	20 mA/cm²	COD去除率100%(30 min)

Trend of environmental governance in textile industry aiming at carbon neutrality and emission reduction

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光催化材料	改性方法	最佳反应条件		最佳效果
光催化材料	改性方法	催化剂添加量/(g·L^-1)	光源	最佳效果
Fe²⁺-TiO₂	元素掺杂	0.04	14 W紫外光	甲基蓝降解率为99%(180 min)^[28]
Pt-TiO₂	元素掺杂	1.00	300~500 nm紫外可见光	罗丹明B降解率为99%(90 min)^[29]
g-C₃N₄/TiO₂	半导体复合	0.50	300~500 nm紫外可见光	亚甲基蓝降解率为99.64%(180 min)^[30]
MB-Cu-MOF	元素掺杂	0.25	300 W氙灯模拟可见光	活性深蓝K-R降解率为88.4%^[31]
TiO₂/BaSb₂O₆	半导体复合	1.00	150 W氙灯模拟紫外可见光	罗丹明B的降解率为94.46%(100 min)^[32]

工艺	技术	最佳反应条件	VOC去除能力
吸附	微介孔活性炭	温度为298 K	对苯、甲醇、正己烷和环己烷的吸附能力分别为1 846、1 777、1 510、1 766 mg/g^[34]
吸收	四烷基季胺氨基酸离子液体	60%(MEDA)与([N2222][L-Ala])的质量比为1:0.2	对CO₂的吸收量最高值为0.41 mol/mol^[35]
生物法	生物滤池	温度在20~30 ℃之间,相对湿度在41%~80%之间,空床停留时间为59 s	VOCs去除率达90%左右^[36]

废旧纺织品种类	工艺	回收效果
棉/PET混纺织物	[DBNH][OAC]溶剂+干式喷气湿法纺丝	再生PET组分纤维素含量低(1.7~2.5%)^[38]
聚酯类废旧纺织品	熔融直接纺丝	再生聚酯短纤维符合FZ/T 52010—2014^[40]
涤纶织物	乙二醇醇解法+皮芯复合纺丝	再生纤维符合FZ/T 52010—2014《再生涤纶短纤维》^[39]
涤纶织物	水热法	聚酰胺树脂的实际回收率为84.95%^[41]
聚酯纤维织物	热熔法	再生材料主成分未改变,性能有一定程度降低^[42]

废水来源	工艺	回用率/%	单位废水处理成本/(元·t^-1)
好氧池出水	MBR+反渗透^[46]	60	2.300
二沉池出水	超滤+反渗透^[47]	70	3.305
水解酸化池出水	MBR+反渗透^[48]	70	2.410
二沉池出水	超滤+反渗透^[49]	70	2.500

余热回收技术	经济效益	环境效益
“气-气”换热技术	总体经济效益为39.27万元/a	节约标煤401.40 t/a^[53]
螺线管式换热器	节约18万元/a	节约标煤241.92 t/a^[54]
热管式余热蒸汽发生器	实现直接经济效益837.4万元/a	节约标煤1.15万t/a^[55]

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