Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03): 58-64.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221108001

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Mechanical property analysis of single yarn pull-out from aramid plain woven fabrics

MA Ying1,2, CHEN Ao1, HU Yuepeng1, PAN Jun1, HU Hanjie3, LU Sheng1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
    2. Institute for Advanced Study, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
    3. The Green Aerotechnics Research Institute, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 401120, China
  • Received:2023-01-13 Revised:2023-08-30 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-04-15
  • Contact: LU Sheng E-mail:lusheng@cqupt.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Aramid fabrics show highly nonlinear and anisotropic behavior under ballistic impact, which brings immense challenges to the study of their mechanical properties. Hence, yarn pull-out, as an important mechanism for dissipating ballistic impact energy, is immerged as a popular research subject. However, in the existing researches, not enough attentions have been paid to the influence mechanism of different factors on the peak pull-out force and the change of pretension. In this paper, the effects of fabric pretension, pull-out speed, fabric dimension, and yarn type on peak pull-out force and pretension is systematically studied under laboratory conditions.

Method The experimental setup is mainly composed of an automatic centering and fixture, especially designed for yarn pull-out test, attached to an electronic universal testing machine. Two load cells are a installed to measure the pull-out force and pretension. The experiment was divided into 5 groups with a total of 23 experiments. Each experiment is repeated for 4 times to minimize operation error. The change of pull-out force and pretension with respect to displacement is recorded under various conditions to analyze the influence mechanism of transverse pretension, pull-out speed, fabric length, fabric width, and yarn type on pull-out performance.

Results The pull-out force and pretension oscillate sinusoidally with zero phase difference at the same frequency. The peak pull-out force is in direct proportion to the number of yarn cross-over, the tension at the yarn cross-over, and the deformation magnitude. When the initial transverse pretension equals to 100, 200, 300, and 400 N, the peak pull-out force is 5.63, 7.30, 8.85 and 10.58 N, respectively, the increase of transverse pretension was 3.37, 2.92, 2.22 and 1.87 N, respectively, and the decrease of transverse pretension was 15.02, 17.37, 19.55 and 21.94 N, respectively, during the pull-out. When the fabric length was increased from 30 mm to 110 mm, the peak pull-out force was increased from 2.04 N to 6.14 N, the rate of increase, however, was decreased from 93.63% to 7.16%. The increase and decrease amount of transverse pretension during the pull-out increase and decrease, respectively. When the pulled yarn is weft, the density of which is smaller than warp, the peak pull-out force, the increase and decrease of the transverse pretension is 1.13 to 1.21, and 0.90 to 0.99, and 1.36 to 1.93 times that of the warp under the same precondition. When the fabric width was increased from 30 mm to 110 mm, the peak pull-out force was increased from 4.02 N to 4.95 N. When the pull-out speed was increased from 10 mm/min to 400 mm/min, the peak pull-out force is decreased from 6.10 N to 5.00 N.

Conclusion When the initial transverse pretension ranges from 100 N to 400 N, the peak pull-out force is linearly correlated with the transverse pretension, the increase and decrease amount of transverse pretension decreases and increases with the increase of initial transverse pretension. When the fabric length was increased from 30 mm to 110 mm, the rate of increase of peak pull-out force decreased, the increase and decrease amount of transverse pretension during the pull-out increase and decrease, respectively. A smaller yarn density leads to a bigger crimp degree after applied pretension and a bigger peak pull-out force. The fabric width and pull-out speed have little impact on peak pull-out force.

Key words: aramid plain fabric, single yarn pull-out, transverse pretension, pull-out speed, peak pull-out force

CLC Number: 

  • TS101

Tab.1

Fabric properties and yarn properties"

织物 纱线
密度/(根·(10 cm)-1) 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 厚度/
mm		 经纬纱线密度/
dtex		 断裂强力/
N		 断裂强度/
(cN·tex-1)		 断裂伸长
率/%		 弹性模量/
(cN·tex-1)		 单丝
数目/根
经密 纬密
71 66 240 0.30 1 580 336.10 212.72 2.46 8 290 1 000

Fig.1

Yarn pull-out experiment setup"

Fig.2

Sample of tailored and treated fabric"

Tab.2

Sample number and corresponding experimental parameters"

编
号		 组
别		 纵向
单胞
数量/个		 纵向
长度/
mm		 横向
宽度/
mm		 横向
预张力/
N		 纱线速度/
(mm·
min-1)		 抽拔
纱线
类型
1# 1 25 70 50 0 100 纬纱
2# 100
3# 200
4# 300
5# 400
6# 2 25 70 50 100 10 纬纱
7# 100
8# 200
9# 300
10# 400
11# 3 11 30 30 100 300 纬纱
12# 18 50
13# 25 70
14# 32 90
15# 39 110
16# 4 18 50 30 100 100 纬纱
17# 50
18# 70
19# 90
20# 110
21# 5 18 55 30 100 100 经纱
22# 70
23# 110

Fig.3

Yarn pull-out characteristic curves"

Fig.4

Yarn pull-out force-displacement curves under different pretensions"

Tab.3

Variations of transverse pretension under different initial pretensions"

初始横向预
张力F/N		 横向预张力
上升值F1/N		 横向预张力
下降值F2/N
0 0 0
100 3.37 15.02
200 2.92 17.37
300 2.22 19.55
400 1.87 21.94

Fig.5

Yarn pull-out force-displacement curves under different pull-out speeds"

Tab.4

Variations of transverse pretension under different pull-out speeds"

抽拔速度/
(mm·min-1)		 初始横向
预张力F/N		 横向预张力
上升值F1/N		 横向预张力
下降值F2/N
10 100 3.18 17.23
100 100 3.37 15.02
200 100 2.23 15.95
300 100 2.19 16.50
400 100 2.24 12.69

Fig.6

Yarn pull-out force-displacement curves under different longitudinal lengths"

Tab.5

Variations of transverse pretension under different longitudinal lengths"

纵向长度/
mm		 初始横向
预张力F/N		 横向预张力
上升值F1/N		 横向预张力
下降值F2/N
30 100 0.63 5.75
50 100 2.17 9.15
70 100 2.80 11.46
90 100 3.38 12.68
110 100 4.62 16.19

Fig.7

Yarn pull-out force-displacement curves under different transverse widths"

Tab.6

Variations of transverse pretension under different transverse widths"

横向宽度/
mm		 初始横向预张力
F/N		 横向预张力
上升值F1/N		 横向预张力
下降值F2/N
30 100 2.07 8.79
50 100 2.32 12.25
70 100 2.91 13.41
90 100 3.69 13.53
110 100 4.03 16.06

Fig.8

Peak pull-out force comparison between warp and weft"

Fig.9

Schematic diagram of crimping of warp yarn (a) and weft yarn (b)"

Fig.10

Transverse pretension comparison between warp yarn and weft yarn"

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[1] MA Ying, LIU Yueyan, ZHAO Yang, CHEN Xiang, LU Sheng, HU Hanjie. Mechanical property analysis of yarn pull-out from aramid plain woven fabrics based on micro-geometry [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(04): 47-54.
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