Abstract: This paper analyzed the adsorption of copper ion by wool fiber from five factors, such as the Cu (Ⅱ) initial molar concentration, pH value, time, temperature and pre-treatment for wool fiber. By comparing the differences between raw wool fiber and Cu(Ⅱ)- wool fiber in the mechanical properties, the damage after treatment was analyzed. Through the structural characterization of the Cu(Ⅱ)- wool fiber by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, the paper discussed the binding site of wool fiber with Cu(Ⅱ).