Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03): 17-26.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240304301

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation of cellulose/Ti3C2Tx aerogel absorbing materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and their absorption properties

LI Yi1, ZHANG Hengyu1, GUO Wenzhuo1, CHEN Jianying1, WANG Ni1, XIAO Hong2()   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-07-01 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-04-16
  • Contact: XIAO Hong E-mail:76echo@vip.sina.com

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Abstract:

Objective In order to broaden the absorption frequency band, obtain high-efficiency absorbing materials, and solve the problems of high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution in the preparation of polymer aerogel materials. Three-dimensional porous aerogel absorbers were prepared using cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as the framework and two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti3C2Tx) as conductive fillers.

Method Freeze-drying was adopted to construct CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel materials with different electromagnetic properties, and further the electromagnetic combination of multilayer CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel materials with impedance step gradient structure was explored by CST STUDIO SUITE simulation, and multilayer CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel materials with broadband absorption effect prepared.

Results The results showed that based on the porous structure of aerogel and the conductive loss of Ti3C2Tx, CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel material possessed electromagnetic wave absorption properties, and the absorption bandwidth and peak value can be adjusted by changing the content and thickness of Ti3C2Tx. The CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel materials with Ti3C2Tx mass fractions of 1%, 25% and 50% were prepared, and the impedance step gradient layered composite absorbers were constructed according to the characteristic impedance stacks from large to small, which had better impedance matching and attenuation loss performance. The reflection loss was as low as -15.9 dB, which is lower than that of the single-layer aerogel material of the same thickness with Ti3C2Tx mass fractions of 1%(0 dB), 25%(-2.0 dB) and 50%(-10.9 dB), and the effective absorption bandwidth covers the entire X-band.

Conclusion Through the stacking method, the multilayer aerogel material constructing the impedance gradient step gradient structure can effectively balance the impedance matching and attenuation loss in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation from high to low, and its reflection loss value is lower than that of the single-layer aerogel material of the same thickness, and good absorption is achieved. The impedance gradient structure can extend the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, enhance the absorption loss, and broaden the absorption bandwidth.

Key words: absorbing material, MXene, cellulose aerogel, layer structure, impedance step gradient, absorbing property

CLC Number: 

  • G316

Fig.1

Transmission electron microscopy of Ti3C2Tx-MXene and CNF and schematic diagram of composite aerogel preparation. (a) TEM image of Ti3C2Tx-MXene materials;(b) TEM image of cellulose nanofibers;(c)Schematic diagram of preparation of composite aerogels"

Fig.2

Morphology images of aerogel materials. (a) Macroscopic physical images of aerogel materials; (b) SEM image of cross-sectional morphology of composite aerogel CM-3; (c) SEM magnified image of cross-sectional morphology of composite aerogel CM-3; (d) SEM image of cross-sectional morphology of composite aerogel CM-4; (e) SEM image of cross-sectional morphology of composite aerogel CM-7"

Fig.3

Chemical composition analysis diagram of CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel. (a) Cross-sectional distribution of Ti elements ; (b) High-resolution Ti 2p spectra; (c) Fourier transform infrared spectra; (d) X-ray diffraction pattern"

Fig.4

Properties of CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogels. (a) CM-1~CM-7 dielectric constant real part; (b) CM-1~CM-7 dielectric constant imaginary part; (c) Cole-Cole semicircle of CM-4 material; (d) Comparison of dielectric properties of CM-8 and CM-7 materials (e) CM-1~CM-7 attenuation constant; (f) CM-1~CM-8 characteristic impedance value"

Fig.5

Reflection loss of CNF/Ti3C2Tx composite aerogel. (a) Comparison of reflection loss values of CM-1-CM-8 aerogels with different thickness of 1-3 mm; (b) Comparison of reflection loss values of CM-5, CM-6 and CM-7 at thickness of 2-7 mm"

Fig.6

Comparison of electromagnetic properties of aerogel materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and homogeneous absorbing materials. (a) Comparison of impedance matching degree; (b) Comparison of attenuation cofficient;(c) Comparison of reffection loss"

Fig.7

Schematic diagram (a) and simulation model diagram (b) of stacking of aerogel materials with impedance step gradient layer structure"

Fig.8

Comparison of simulated absorption performance of composite aerogel materials with total thickness of 4 mm with impedance step gradient layer structure"

Fig.9

Effect diagram of absorption mechanism of aerogel materials with impedance step gradient layer structure"

Fig.10

Electromagnetic properties of impedance graded three-layer composite aerogel material. (a) Comparison of simulated and measured absorption performance of impedance step-graded three-layer composite aerogel material with total thickness of 7.5 mm; (b) Comparison of reflection loss values of CM-1, CM-6, CM-8 and their stacked composite aerogel materials"

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