Journal of Textile Research ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (06): 159-169.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20251105401

• Apparel Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Automated generation of pant patterns with personalized tapering based on body dimension mapping

YANG Xinxin1, CAI Liling2(), JI Xiaofen2,3   

  1. 1 School of Fashion Design and Engineering， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310018， China
    2 Fashion Design College of Istituto Marangoni， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310018， China
    3 China National Silk Museum， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310002， China
  • Received:2025-11-21 Revised:2026-04-18 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-08-19
  • Contact: CAI Liling E-mail:caililing@zstu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective This research addresses the core challenge of rapid and precise generation of garment patterns conforming to target body characteristics in apparel structural research. Focusing on the personalized digital customization of tapered trousers， it aims to tackle the limitations of single-body-type pattern generation by developing a multi-body-type adaptive intelligent method. By establishing an accurate mapping between body dimensions and pattern structures， the research sets out to resolve issues of insufficient comfort and lack of personalization in traditional pattern-making， caused by body curve complexity and individual variations.

Method A parametric pattern-making approach was adopted， leveraging MatLab's digital image processing capability to establish a "human image-body dimension-pattern generation" digital customization system. Firstly， a direct mapping between body measurements and trouser structural dimensions was established to optimize traditional pattern making and develop a personalized method for tapered pants. Subsequently， two-dimensional body measurement technology was used to extract body dimensions from images and convert them into pattern parameters， with corresponding mathematical model constructed for each structural point coordinate. Additionally， the curve-fitting constraint was introduced for tapered pants patterns， and the optimal fitting method of various curves was explored to improve the accuracy of complex curve fitting. Finally， case validation through simulation and virtual try-on tests ensures the method's reliability and practicality.

Results In developing the pattern-making method for personalized tapered-pants， the optimal front-to-rear crotch width ratios for different styles were investigated， and the best proportions were determined as 2∶5 for tight-fit， 1∶2 for regular-fit， and 3∶5 for both slim-fit and loose-fit tapered pants. At the same time， the personalized pattern adjustment mechanism was constructed for the protruding abdomen body， the highlight hip body and the thick calf body. Through the virtual try-on experiment， the adjusted pattern was significantly better than the pre-adjusted pattern in terms of pressure comfort and appearance. Within the digital customization system， 2-D body measurement technology was employed to acquire eight circumferential dimensions， seven length dimensions， and two angular dimensions below the waist. Based on these anthropometric data， mathematical expressions for all structural points in the tapered trouser pattern were established. Additionally， the optimal fitting models were determined： a quintic Bezier curve for the front/rear crotch arc， a Bezier curve for the inner seam， and Hermite curves for both the outer seam and pocket division lines. To validate the automatic generation of personalized patterns， patterns of different styles were generated using human body images of varying physiques and followed by sew-ability verification. The resulting patterns exhibited length discrepancies of less than 1 cm between seams， meeting industrial sewing requirements. Additionally， virtual try-on tests assessed both the visual appearance and pressure distribution during various movements. The results confirmed that all samples maintained pressure values below 4.5 kPa at all test points， ensuring comfort and compliance with ergonomic standards. The tapered pants appeared smooth and well-fitted， demonstrating excellent overall wearability. This study successfully bridged the gap between parametric design and practical garment production， offering a reliable， data-driven approach to personalized tailoring. The findings not only enhanced the precision of pattern generation but also ensured wearer comfort， paving the way for scalable digital customization in the apparel industry.

Conclusion The proposed method ach

Key words: tapered pant, pattern generation, parameterized pattern making, personalized customization, 2-D anthropometry

CLC Number: 

  • TS941

Fig.1

Automatic generation process for tapered pants template"

Fig.2

Personalized tapered pants pattern drawing method"

Fig.3

Fitted style virtual try-on effects with different crotch width ratios.（a） Block pattern； （b） 1∶3； （c） 1∶2.8； （d） 1∶2； （e） 2∶5； （f） 3∶5"

Fig.4

Comparison of single type abdominal convex body template before and after adjustment"

Fig.5

Obesity-type abdominal protrusion sample comparison before and after adjustment"

Fig.6

Comparison of convex hip body template before and after adjustment"

Fig.7

Thick calf body sample board adjustment before and after comparison"

Fig.8

Virtual fitting effect before pattern adjustment. （a） Single abdominous type； （b） Obese abdominous type； （c） Large buttocks；（d） Calf hypertrophy"

Fig.9

Virtual fitting effect after pattern adjustment. （a） Single abdominous type； （b） Obese abdominous type； （c） Large buttocks； （d） Calf hypertrophy"

Tab.1

Body size parameter details table"

序号 部位名称 序号 部位名称 序号 部位名称
1 腰踝长 7 踝高 13 大腿围
2 股上长 8 腰臀角 14 膝围
3 腰长 9 腹凸角 15 腿肚围
4 腰腹高 10 腰围 16 踝上围
5 膝高 11 腹围 17 足跟围
6 腿肚高 12 臀围

Fig.10

Body size measurement methods"

Tab.2

Sample parameter details table"

类型 参数名称 符号 类型 参数名称 符号
体型参数 人体腰围 W1 结构参数 纸样腰围 W
人体腹围 M1 纸样臀围 H
人体臀围 H1 纸样膝围 K
人体膝围 K1 立裆深 D
腿肚围 C 前裆宽 R1
足跟围 F 后裆宽 R2
腰腹高 L1 造型参数
腰踝长 L2 裤长 L
股上长 L3 脚口 B
腰长 L4 前腰省 x1
腿肚高 L5 后腰省 x2
膝高 L6 裤摆省 x3
踝高 L7 口袋宽 x4
大腿根厚 T 口袋长 x5
腰臀角 a

Fig.11

Front and back trouser piece key point labeling"

Tab.3

Coordinates of each structural point on tapered pants template"

关键点 坐标 后片关键点
A1 （5H/48-1，D）
A5 （5H/48-W/4-x1-1，D+0.7）
A6 （-7H/48，D -L4）
A7 （1-K/4，D -L +L6）
A8 （1-B/4，D -L）
前片 A9 （B/4-1，D -L）
A10 （K/4-1，D -L+L6）
A11 （5H/48+R1，0）
α arctan[（D -L4）/R1]
A12 （5H/48+2R1（sin α）2/3，R1（sin2α）/3）
A13 （5H/48，D -L4）
B17 （5H/48-1，0）
β arctan（5H/96D）
B1 （5H/48-1-（D -L4）tanβ，D -L4）
B2 （5H/48-Hsinβ/48-Dtanβ -1，D+Hcosβ/48）
θ arcsin[（Hcosβ/48-0.7）/（W/4+x2）]
后片 B9 （5H/48-Hsinβ/48-Dtanβ-
（W/4+x2）cosθ -1，D+0.7）
B10 （-7H/48-1-（D -L4）tanβ，D -L4）
B11 （-K/4-1，D -L +L6）
B12 （-B/4-1，D -L）
B13 （B/4+1，D -L）
B14 （K/4+1，D -L +L6）
B15 （5H/48-1-（D -L4）tanβ+R2，-1）
B16 （5H/48+R1（sinα）2/3，R1（sin2α）/6）

Tab.4

Adjusted key point coordinates"

类型 关键点 坐标
A1 （5H/48-1.5，D+1）
单一型
腹凸体		 A5 （5H/48-W/4-x1-2.5，D+0.7）
θ arcsin{（3cosβ-0.7）/（W/4+x2-1）}
B2 （5H/48-3sinβ-Dtanβ -1，D+3cosβ）
B9 （5H/48-3sinβ-Dtanβ-
（W/4+x2-1）cosθ -1，D+0.7）
肥胖型
腹凸体		 A1 （5H/48-0.5，D+1.5）
A5 （5H/48-W/4-x1-0.5，D+0.7）
凸臀体 β arctan（5H/96D）+a/10
B2 （5H/48-（H/48+1）sinβ -Dtanβ -1，
D+（H/48+1）cosβ）
B12 （-（B/4+x3/2），D -L）
小腿粗
壮体		 B13 （B/4+x3/2，D -L）
B18 （-（C-LA16A17）/2-1，D -L+L5）
B19 （（C-LA16A17）/2+1，D -L+L5）

Fig.12

Added parametric constraint annotations. （a） Pocket dart； （b） Bottom dart"

Fig.13

Front and back crotch curve fitting with new constraints. （a） Front crotch curve； （b）Back crotch curve"

Fig.14

Inner seam fitting constraint rules"

Fig.15

Outer seam fitting constraint rules. （a） Front outseam； （b） Back outseam"

Fig.16

Pocket curve fitting constraint rules"

Fig.17

Automatically generated trouser patterns. （a） Standard body type-nine point tight； （b） Standard body type-regular fitting；（c） Single abdominous type； （d） Obese abdominous type； （e） Large buttocks； （f） Calf hypertrophy"

Tab.5

Comparison of seam length between front and back trouser panels"

类型 内侧缝线/cm 外侧缝线/cm
前 后 差值 前 后 差值
正常
体		 九分紧身 58.58 58.30 0.28 86.33 86.29 0.04
常规合体 61.11 60.33 0.78 91.01 90.75 0.26
腹凸
体		 单一型 66.15 66.04 0.11 93.77 93.75 0.02
肥胖型 66.47 66.19 0.28 90.63 90.63 0
凸臀体 61.21 61.00 0.21 88.39 88.27 0.12
小腿粗壮体 66.34 66.19 0.15 94.53 94.25 0.28

Fig.18

Virtual try-on effect. （a） Standard body type-Nine point tight； （b） Standard body type-regular fitting；（c） Single abdominous type； （d） Obese abdominous type； （e） Large buttocks； （f） Calf hypertrophy"

Fig.19

Stress test point schematic diagram"

Fig.20

Pressure maps of each sample. （a） Standard body type； （b） Single abdominous type； （c） Obese abdominous type；（d） Large buttocks； （e） Calf hypertrophy"

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