Journal of Textile Research ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 30-37.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190702208

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Modification of aramid fiber with phosphorus acid and its effect on flammability and smoke suppression for rigid polyurethane foams

XU Daifang()   

  1. College of Design, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
  • Received:2019-07-13 Revised:2020-02-07 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02

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Abstract:

In order to improve the flame retardant properties of polyurethane foams, aramid fiber (AF) modified by phosphoric acid was added to the rigid polyurethane foams. Oxygen index, smoke density meter, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analyzer were used to characterize the flame retardancy, fire behavior, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foams and flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams. The results show that the polyurethane foams containing modified AF (MAF) have better flame retardant, smoke suppression and mechanical properties than the polyurethane foams containing AF. Compared with the pure polyurethane foams, the LOI for the polyurethane foams containing 5% content of MAF is enhanced by 15.8%, max smoke density, peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production release values are decreased by 25%, 25.3%, 10%, 35.7%, 47.3% respectively. MAF can improve the thermal stability of the polyurethane foams, and the residual mass at 700 ℃ is 14.5%, which is more than that of pure polyurethane foam.

Key words: rigid polyurethane foam, aramid fiber, modification by phosphoric acid, flammability, smoke suppression property

CLC Number: 

  • TQ328.3

Tab.1

Formulations of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams%"

样品
名称		 聚醚多元醇
4110 质量分数		 有机硅油
质量分数		 辛酸亚锡
质量分数		 三亚乙基二胺
质量分数		 一氟二氯乙烷
质量分数		 多苯基多亚甲基多
异氰酸酯质量分数		 AF质量
分数		 MAF质量
分数
RPUF 100 1.5 0.2~0.3 0.2~0.3 25 100
PU/AF 100 1.5 0.2~0.3 0.2~0.3 25 100 5
PU/MAF 100 1.5 0.2~0.3 0.2~0.3 25 100 5

Fig.1

Infrared spectrum analysis of aramid fiber and modified aramid fiber"

Fig.2

XRD patterns of aramid fiber before and after modification(a)and flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams(b)"

Fig.3

Max smoke density of rigid polyurethane foams before and after modification"

Tab.2

Smoke density results for rigid polyurethane foams"

样品名称 烟密度等级 最大烟密度/%
RPUF 15.02 27.78
PU/AF 14.51 24.12
PU/MAF 12.37 20.83

Fig.4

Heat release rate (a), total heat release(b), smoke production rate(c) and smoke production (d) curves of rigid polyurethane foams before and after modification"

Tab.3

Cone calorimeter data for rigid polyurethane foams before and after modification"

样品名称 热释放速率峰值/
(kW·m-2)		 热释放量/
(MJ·m-2)		 产烟速率峰值/
(m2·s-1)		 产烟量/
(m2·m-2)		 燃烧50 s时的
残炭率/%
RPUF 258.1 41.9 0.056 742.8 61.9
PU/AF 197.0 46.8 0.039 577.1 87.8
PU/MAF 192.8 37.7 0.036 391.6 88.4

Fig.5

Thermogravimetric analysis of samples. (a) TG curve; (b) DTG curve"

Fig.6

SEM images of residual char of rigid polyurethane foams before and after modification (×300)"

Tab.4

Elemental content of residual char%"

样品名称 C N O P
RPUF 67.05 16.43 16.22 0.00
PU/AF 48.80 27.72 22.44 0.00
PU/MAF 50.29 37.54 11.71 0.06

Tab.5

Density and compressive property for rigid polyurethane foams before and after modification"

样品名称 密度/
(kg·m-3)		 压缩强度/
MPa		 比强度/
(MPa·g-1·cm-3)
RPUF 49.1 0.16 3.16
PU/AF 50.5 0.44 8.71
PU/MAF 51.3 0.54 10.53
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