棕榈纤维吸声复合材料的老化性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240706601

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective Since 2022, the production of jute-based acoustic-absorbing composite materials has declined due to reduced imports of raw jute materials. Automotive interior manufacturers are actively exploring new types of fibers that can either be blended with or partially replace jute in the production of acoustic materials. Through a comparative study on the aging properties of palm fiber acoustic-absorbing composites and widely used jute fiber acoustic interior panels in the market, this research further investigates the feasibility of substituting jute-based panels with palm fiber composites while improving the durability of such acoustic-absorbing interior components.

Method Palm fiber felt/ceramic/poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-hydroxy-valerate) (PHBV) acoustic-absorbing composite and jute fiber felt/PHBV acoustic-absorbing interior panels were studied under the natural light aging, hot-humid aging and ultraviolet light aging with the average values of tensile strength, bending strength, un-notched impact strength and sound absorption coefficient, bacteriostatic rate under natural light aging and hot-humid aging process. The water absorption rate and thickness-direction expansion rate of the acoustic-absorbing composite were analyzed. The lignin content, the composite's appearance change, the tensile section morphology and the chemical junction of the two fibers were tested under ultraviolet irradiation. The residual strength model was used to predict the mechanical properties under natural light aging.

Results Under natural light aging process, the average values of tensile strength, bending strength, unnotched impact strength and acoustic absorbing coefficient of the two kinds of acoustic-absorbing composite materials decreased gradually with extended treatment time. The water absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of the two types of acoustic-absorbing composites increased rapidly with the increase of the humidity and heat temperature, but the bacteriostatic rate decreased rapidly. According to the water transport dynamics equation, for the palm acoustic composite material at 65 ℃, which could initially determine that it conformed to the Fickian water absorption model. With the increase of aging times under the ultraviolet light, the tensile strength, bending strength and unnotched impact strength all increased first and then decreased, and the mean value of acoustic-absorbing coefficient decreased gradually. The lignin content of the two fibers decreased with the increase of irradiation times. It had certain antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. At the same time, the surface of the two composite materials were discolored and cracks appeared, the appearance of the treated palm fiber acoustic-absorbing composite material became darker, and the surface became rough and uneven. Under the condition of 4 000-500 cm^-1 band, there were five characteristic absorption peaks of palm fiber acoustic composite, which are 3 280, 1 731, 1 376, 1 158 and 709 cm^-1. Among them, 3 280, 1 158 and 709 cm^-1 were speculated as O—H bond vibration, C—O ether bond stretching vibration and C—H group vibration after degradation of PHBV. The residual strength model was used to predict the tensile strength and bending strength under natural light process. After 1 095 d (3 a), the tensile strength and bending strength of the material was 24.97 MPa and 44.93 MPa respectively. After 1 825 days (5 a), the tensile strength was 22.51 MPa and the bending strength was 41.94 MPa.

Conclusion Under the natural light aging, hot-humid aging and ultraviolet light aging, the palm acoustic composite could replace the jute acoustic interior panel completely. The water absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of the composite increased with the increase of temperature and tended to balance in the later stage. The decrease of fiber lignin content was an important reason for the degradation of properties of ultraviolet light aging composites. According to the residual strength model, under the natural light aging process, the tensile strength and bending strength of the palm acoustic absorbing composite material after 1 095 d and 1 825 d could also reach the tensile strength and bending strength of the standard specified in QC/T 906—2013 ″Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Bast Fiber Composite Panels for Automotive Interior Parts″.

Key words: palm fiber felt, acoustic absorbing coefficient, aging property, hot-humid aging, automotive interior material, residual strength model, acoustic-absorbing composite material

CLC Number:

TS102.2

ZHANG Yi, SHEN Yin, GAO Jinxia, YU Chongwen. Aging properties of acoustic-absorbing composites from palm fiber[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(06): 127-134.

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URL: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/EN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240706601

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V46/I06/127

Figures/Tables 7

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References 17

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老化时间/ d	拉伸强度/ MPa		弯曲强度/ MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		抑菌率/%
	拉伸强度/ MPa		弯曲强度/ MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		对金黄色葡萄球菌		对大肠埃希菌
	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	70.28	73.35	77.52	78.20
60	35.3	32.2	53.1	53.9	6.0	5.7	0.62	0.62	61.39	64.28	68.03	71.08
120	34.4	31.1	52.6	53.2	5.8	5.0	0.58	0.53	50.16	54.55	57.39	60.15
180	33.6	30.1	51.9	51.7	5.2	4.4	0.49	0.46	34.39	40.47	48.06	49.52
240	32.7	29.6	51.6	51.2	5.0	4.2	0.43	0.42	19.76	23.33	34.30	37.71
300	32.2	29.2	50.4	50.9	4.8	4.1	0.42	0.41	15.82	19.75	23.15	26.69

老化时间/d	吸水率/%						厚度方向膨胀率/%
	棕榈纤维			黄麻纤维			棕榈纤维			黄麻纤维
	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃
20	0.3	1.1	2.1	0.2	0.9	1.6	0.22	2.27	4.08	0.19	2.09	4.02
40	1.2	2.8	3.5	0.8	2.3	3.2	0.54	3.59	6.35	0.49	3.38	6.17
60	1.9	4.1	5.3	1.5	3.6	5.2	0.67	4.88	8.22	0.62	4.56	7.95
80	2.8	4.7	6.4	2.1	4.3	6.1	0.85	6.21	9.19	0.81	5.92	9.01
100	2.9	4.9	6.6	2.3	4.5	6.2	1.13	6.25	9.21	1.09	5.99	9.05

老化时间/ d	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/ (kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		抑菌率/%
	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/ (kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		对金黄色葡萄球菌		对大肠埃希菌
	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	70.28	73.35	77.52	78.20
20	36.8	33.4	54.1	54.9	6.0	5.7	0.62	0.62	56.29	58.60	61.31	65.29
40	37.1	34.7	54.5	55.3	5.7	5.4	0.57	0.59	29.37	36.19	44.86	47.71
60	35.9	33.2	54.0	53.9	5.5	5.3	0.54	0.55	12.59	22.12	26.23	32.80
80	33.7	31.5	53.2	53.2	5.4	5.1	0.52	0.54	5.24	8.90	10.09	13.54
100	30.5	29.8	52.1	52.4	5.1	4.9	0.50	0.51	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

老化时间/h	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		纤维毡中木质素含量/%
老化时间/h	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	11.72	12.95
120	37.2	33.6	54.6	55.1	6.4	6.3	0.58	0.59	10.09	11.58
240	36.1	32.9	53.9	54.1	5.7	5.8	0.51	0.50	9.27	10.30
360	35.2	31.8	52.7	53.0	5.1	5.2	0.49	0.44	7.83	8.65
480	33.5	30.4	51.0	51.5	4.8	4.8	0.48	0.43	7.42	7.92
600	31.6	29.1	49.6	50.1	4.5	4.4	0.46	0.42	7.35	7.61

Aging properties of acoustic-absorbing composites from palm fiber

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[1]	ZHANG Yi, SHAO Lifeng, YANG Bin, GAO Jinxia, YU Chongwen. Acoustic properties of palm fiber felt/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) hot-pressed composites [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(10): 24-30.
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[3]	. Relationship between sound absorption property and needling techniques of automotive interior materials made of hemp fiber [J]. JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH, 2013, 34(12): 45-0.