Journal of Textile Research ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 168-175.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250601501

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation of CO2-based polyurethane acrylate emulsion and its film properties

LIU Xuying1,2, YIN Qianlin3, WANG Xiancheng3, FAN Gaoqing4, QI Dongming1, CHEN Zhijie2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Intelligent Manufacturing College, Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
    3. Hangzhou Honghua Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
    4. Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-11-06 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15
  • Contact: CHEN Zhijie E-mail:chenzhijie5262@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective In view of the fact that the current digital inkjet ink adhesives are mainly composed of petrochemical raw materials, with poor renewability and difficulty in achieving both durability and flexibility, the aim of this research is to use CO2-based polycarbonate propylene carbonate diol (PPCD) as the soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the hard segment, hydroxypropyl acrylat (HPA) as the end-capping agent, and butyl acrylat (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as the copolymer monomers to prepare a water-based polyurethane acrylate (PUA) emulsion with environmentally friendly properties and high durability and flexibility, which is then applied in the preparation of digital inkjet ink.

Method CO2-based waterborne polyurethane prepolymer (VWPU) was prepared by copolymerization of CO2-based PPCD, IPDI, HPA and 2,2-dimethylolbutyric acid (DMBA). The VWPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and H nudear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR). Consequently, BA and MMA were introduced into VWPU for emulsion polymerization to obtain CO2-based PUA.

Results The particle size distributions of emulsions prepared by different polyols are unimodal, and the average particle size of PPCD-PUA was the smallest (50.79 nm), lower than PTMEG-PUA (68.69 nm) and significantly lower than PEG-PUA (146.10 nm). The conversion test results of PUA emulsion showed that the reaction rate of PPCD-PUA was the fastest, which was attributed to the increase of free radical capture efficiency and chain growth driving force of small particle size droplets. The mechanical tests of PUA film showed that the elastic modulus of PPCD-PUA film (42.0 MPa), fracture strength (10.8 MPa) and elongation at break (825%) were between that of PEG-PUA and that of PTMEG-PUA, indicating a soft and tough film. AFM analysis of PUA film revealed that PPCD-PUA had the lowest surface roughness. According to the PUA printing fabric wearing performance test results and SEM images, dry and wet rubbing fastness of PPCD-PUA ink increased to level 4-5. The relative stiffness of PPCD-PUA printed fabrics was found relatively low, enabling a comfortable feel, and the comprehensive performance was confirmed to meet the needs of high-end pigment printing.

Conclusion The VWPU prepolymer with good reactivity was prepared by using PPCD as soft segment, and PUA emulsion with particle size of about 60 nm was prepared by emulsion polymerization. Compared with PEG and PTMEG, PPCD has both ether bonds and ester bonds, resulting in a higher cohesion energy and lower crystallinity. This enables the PUA film produced there from to have a higher elongation at break (825%) and a higher fracture strength (10.8 MPa), meeting the performance requirements of high-end printing adhesives. The printed fabric made of PPCD-PUA has higher dry and wet rubbing fastness, higher softness and better air permeability, which has greater comprehensive advantages than the printed fabric made of PEG-PUA and PTMEG-PUA.

Key words: polypropylene carbonate diol, polyurethane acrylate, coating ink, inkjet printing, adhesive, process optimization

CLC Number: 

  • TQ325

Fig.1

FT-IR spectra of PPCD-VWPU before and after end-capping"

Fig.2

Nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of PPCD-VWPU"

Fig.3

Particle size distributions of PUA emulsions before and after polymerization prepared from different polyols"

Fig.4

Conversion rates of PUA emulsions prepared from different polyols"

Tab.1

Breaking strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus of PUA films"

多元醇种类 断裂强度/MPa 断裂伸长率/% 弹性模量/MPa
PTMEG 22.4 216 149.7
PPCD 10.8 825 42.0
PEG 4.2 1 072 20.2

Fig.5

AFM images of PUA films prepared from different polyols.(a) Height profile of PEG-PUA film (Ra=9.04 μm); (b) Height profile of PTMEG-PUA film (Ra=8.97 μm); (c) Height profile of PPCD-PUA film (Ra=5.42 μm);(d) Microphase diagram of PEG-PUA film; (e) Microphase diagram of PTMEG-PUA film;(f) Microphase diagram of PPCD-PUA film"

Tab.2

Dry and wet rubbing fastness, relative stiffness and air permeability of PUA printed fabrics"

多元醇
种类		 耐摩擦色牢度/级 相对
硬挺度/%		 透气率/
(mm·s-1)
干 湿
PEG 3 2~3 142 482.56
PTMEG 4~5 3~4 206 494.61
PPCD 4~5 4 152 568.24

Fig.6

SEM images of PUA printed fabrics prepared from different polyols before(a) and after(b) wet rubbing"

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