Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 152-162.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250402801

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and printing properties of reactive polymer encapsulated carbon black direct printing ink with high color fastness

SHEN Xinyi1,2, LI Jiawei1,2,3(), SHAO Yu1,2, GUO Dingtao1,2, HE Guiping4, ZHAO Lei4, QI Dongming1,2,3, YOUSSEF Yehya Abel-Gawad5, KAFAFY Hany Hassan Ahmed Mohamed5   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    3. Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000,China
    4. Zhejiang Namei New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
    5. Textile Research Division National Research Center, Giza 12311, Egypt
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-02-06
  • Contact: LI Jiawei E-mail:jiaweili@zstu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Digital inkjet printing technology has the advantages of low energy consumption and less sewage discharge, which is a new way to solve the problems of high water consumption, high energy consumption, and high pollution in the printing and dyeing industry. Carbon black (CB) is the key pigment of printing inks, but CB is easy to agglomerates and cannot be dispersed in aqueous media. Improving the dispersion stability of CB in water is a difficult and hot topic in the field of digital inkjet printing. To solve the above problems, we synthesized reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex inks, to meet the demand for printing inks with environmental considerations.

Method Polyacrylate encapsulated CB latexes with varying glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) contents were synthesized by sulfur-free reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SF-RAFT) polymerization without surfactant on the CB particle surface, and their particle size, Zeta potential, apparent morphology and thermal stability were tested. Subsequently, CB latexes were prepared into inks, with their thermal stability and storage stability tested. The CB latex inks were used for digital inkjet printing of polyester/cotton blended fabrics, and the printed fabrics were characterized for morphology, color performance, hand feel and color fastness.

Results The optimum CB color paste milling conditions were found to be 30% allyloxy polyoxyethylene (10) nonyl ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) of the pigment's mass fraction and 5 h milling, yielding small particles, with an average and maximum particle size of 52.0 nm and 121.8 nm, respectively. The reactive P(methyl methacrylate-co-DNS-86)-b-P(benzyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-GlyMA [P(MMA-co-DNS-86)-b-P(BzMA-co-BA-co-GlyMA)]/CB latexes were successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization on the CB particle surfaces after milling, and the color fastness of inkjet printing fabric was adjusted by changing the mass fraction of GlyMA. It was found that the average and maximum particle size of CB latex (5% GlyMA) were 107.9 nm and 396 nm, respectively, and the Zeta potential was -53.14 mV, indicating that the CB latex displayed excellent dispersion with high stability. In addition, TEM images showed that the CB latex had a typical core-shell structure, with small and well dispersed particles, consistent with the size data. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve of CB latex revealed the number average molecular weight (Mn) was 38 426 g/mol, the polymer dispersibility index was 1.83, and a single-peak distribution, suggesting good polymerization control in preparing reactive polymer encapsulated CB latexes. The viscosity, conductivity and surface tension of the CB latexes were modulated using 10% glycerol and 0.02% 104e to prepare CB latex inkjet printing inks. After a 5-day thermal stability test at 60 ℃, the average particle size of CB color paste inks increased by 85.1% from 82.8 nm to 153.3 nm, and that of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex inks increased by 29.5% from 107.9 nm to 139.8 nm, with the increase rate 59.2% lower than that of the former. The prepared reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex inks were directly inkjet printed on polyester/cotton blended fabric without pre-treatment and post-washing. When the mass fraction of GlyMA was 5%, the dry/wet rubbing and washing fastness of the inkjet printing fabric reached levels 4-5, 4 and 5. However, it was noted that the stiffness was increased by 23.0%, and the air permeability was reduced by 21.5% compared with the original fabric.

Conclusion In this research, reactive P(MMA-co-DNS-86)-b-P(BzMA-co-BA-co-GlyMA)/CB latexes with GlyMA of different mass fraction were synthesized and prepared as inks for inkjet printing of polyester/cotton blended fabrics. The CB latex inks were directly inkjet printing onto the polyester/cotton blended fabrics without pre-treatment and post-washing. When the mass fraction of GlyMA was 5%, inkjet printing fabrics dry/wet rubbing and washing color fastness reached levels 4-5, 4 and 5, compared with the original fabrics, stiffness increased by 23.0%, air permeability reduced by 21.5%. This inkjet printing process has a short process and meets the demand for green and low-carbon development in textile printing and dyeing.

Key words: carbon black, digital printing inkjet ink, inkjet printing, short process, polyester/cotton blended fabric, core-shell structure, color fastness, printing property

CLC Number: 

  • TS193.5

Fig.1

Preparation process of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex"

Tab.1

Recipes of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latexes"

样品组 BzMA
质量/
g		 BA
质量/
g		 GlyMA
质量/
g		 KPS
质量/
mg		 GlyMA质量
占总单体的
质量分数/%
0% GlyMA 1.74 1.74 — 69.6 0
1% GlyMA 1.72 1.72 0.04 69.6 1
3% GlyMA 1.69 1.69 0.10 69.6 3
5% GlyMA 1.65 1.65 0.17 69.6 5
7% GlyMA 1.63 1.62 0.24 69.6 7
10% GlyMA 1.57 1.57 0.35 69.6 10

Fig.2

Influence of DNS-86 mass fraction and milling time on particle size of CB color paste. (a) Average particle size; (b) Maximum particle size"

Fig.3

FT-IR spectra of CB and reactive polymer encapsulated CB latexes"

Fig.4

1H NMR spectra of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex. (a) P(MMA-co-DNS-86)/CB latex; (b) P(MMA-co-DNS-86)-b-P(BzMA-co-BA-co-GlyMA)/CB latex"

Fig.5

GPC(a) and TGA(b) curve of 5% GlyMA reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex"

Tab.2

Conversion rate, Zeta potential, particle size and size distribution of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latexes"

样品 转化率/
%		 平均粒
径/nm		 最大粒
径/nm		 多分散
指数		 Zeta电位/
mV
0% GlyMA 96.0 94.18 295 0.141 -60.55
1% GlyMA 94.8 99.04 295 0.157 -54.58
3% GlyMA 87.3 104.2 342 0.165 -52.87
5% GlyMA 93.2 107.9 396 0.179 -53.14
7% GlyMA 89.7 110.5 459 0.191 -50.92
10% GlyMA 87.4 117.4 396 0.200 -59.47

Fig.6

TEM images of CB(a), CB color paste after milling(b) and 5% GlyMA reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex(c)"

Fig.7

Physical and chemical properties of reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex. (a) Viscosity; (b) Conductivity; (c) Surface tension"

Fig.8

Thermal stability of CB color paste and reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex"

Tab.3

Storage stability of CB color paste and reactive polymer encapsulated CB latex"

样品 原始 储存12个月
平均粒径/
nm		 Zeta电位/
mV		 平均粒径/
nm		 Zeta电位/
mV
CB色浆墨水 82.8 -36.46 152.9 -24.87
CB乳胶墨水 107.9 -53.14 108.4 -50.42

Fig.9

SEM images of polyester/cotton blended fabric. (a) Bare fabric; (b) Inkjet printing fabric"

Fig.10

Image of inkjet printing polyester/cotton blended fabric. (a) Image of inkjet printing fabric;(b) Partial enlargement photo"

Tab.4

Properties of inkjet printing fabrics"

样品组 K/S值 不匀度 颜色参数 耐摩擦色牢度/级 耐水洗色
牢度/级		 硬挺度 透气率/
(mm·s-1)
L* a* b* 干 湿
原布 — — — — — — — — 34.60 245.95
0% GlyMA印花 6.02 0.035 40.42 2.34 -1.29 3 3 2~3 38.79 200.83
1% GlyMA印花 5.85 0.097 37.16 2.11 -1.82 4 3 4~5 40.13 198.43
3% GlyMA印花 5.80 0.088 42.17 2.45 -1.50 4~5 3~4 5 40.21 194.45
5% GlyMA印花 5.63 0.075 42.46 2.64 -2.03 4~5 4 5 42.57 193.11
7% GlyMA印花 4.80 0.046 45.67 2.69 -1.91 4~5 3 5 48.87 189.38
10% GlyMA印花 2.83 0.160 56.70 2.96 -4.61 4~5 3 5 51.27 188.15
市售炭黑墨水印花 3.88 0.096 49.13 2.57 6.48 2~3 1 2 43.48 190.26
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