磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃抑烟性能的影响

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20190702208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,采用磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫进行阻燃改性,借助氧指数仪、烟密度仪、锥形量热仪、热重分析仪等对改性前后聚氨酯硬质泡沫的阻燃性能、产烟行为、燃烧行为、热稳定性和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:添加改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫具有更好的阻燃、抑烟和力学性能;相对于纯聚氨酯泡沫,添加质量分数为5%改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数提高了15.8%,最大烟密度、最大燃烧热释放速率、热释放量、最大生烟速率、产烟量分别降低了25%、25.3%、10%、35.7%、47.3%;改性芳纶的添加有利于改善聚氨酯硬质泡沫的热稳定性,使其在700 ℃时的残炭率增加为14.5%。

关键词: 聚氨酯硬质泡沫, 芳纶, 磷酸改性, 阻燃性能, 抑烟性能

Abstract:

In order to improve the flame retardant properties of polyurethane foams, aramid fiber (AF) modified by phosphoric acid was added to the rigid polyurethane foams. Oxygen index, smoke density meter, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analyzer were used to characterize the flame retardancy, fire behavior, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foams and flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams. The results show that the polyurethane foams containing modified AF (MAF) have better flame retardant, smoke suppression and mechanical properties than the polyurethane foams containing AF. Compared with the pure polyurethane foams, the LOI for the polyurethane foams containing 5% content of MAF is enhanced by 15.8%, max smoke density, peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production release values are decreased by 25%, 25.3%, 10%, 35.7%, 47.3% respectively. MAF can improve the thermal stability of the polyurethane foams, and the residual mass at 700 ℃ is 14.5%, which is more than that of pure polyurethane foam.

Key words: rigid polyurethane foam, aramid fiber, modification by phosphoric acid, flammability, smoke suppression property

中图分类号:

TQ328.3

许黛芳. 磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃抑烟性能的影响[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(05): 30-37.

XU Daifang. Modification of aramid fiber with phosphorus acid and its effect on flammability and smoke suppression for rigid polyurethane foams[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(05): 30-37.

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参考文献 30

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样品名称	聚醚多元醇 4110 质量分数	有机硅油质量分数	辛酸亚锡质量分数	三亚乙基二胺质量分数	一氟二氯乙烷质量分数	多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯质量分数	AF质量分数	MAF质量分数
RPUF	100	1.5	0.2~0.3	0.2~0.3	25	100
PU/AF	100	1.5	0.2~0.3	0.2~0.3	25	100	5
PU/MAF	100	1.5	0.2~0.3	0.2~0.3	25	100		5

样品名称	烟密度等级	最大烟密度/%
RPUF	15.02	27.78
PU/AF	14.51	24.12
PU/MAF	12.37	20.83

样品名称	热释放速率峰值/ (kW·m^-2)	热释放量/ (MJ·m^-2)	产烟速率峰值/ (m²·s^-1)	产烟量/ (m²·m^-2)	燃烧50 s时的残炭率/%
RPUF	258.1	41.9	0.056	742.8	61.9
PU/AF	197.0	46.8	0.039	577.1	87.8
PU/MAF	192.8	37.7	0.036	391.6	88.4

样品名称	C	N	O	P
RPUF	67.05	16.43	16.22	0.00
PU/AF	48.80	27.72	22.44	0.00
PU/MAF	50.29	37.54	11.71	0.06

样品名称	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	压缩强度/ MPa	比强度/ (MPa·g^-1·cm^-3)
RPUF	49.1	0.16	3.16
PU/AF	50.5	0.44	8.71
PU/MAF	51.3	0.54	10.53