纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (03): 56-63.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200602108

所属专题： 高性能纤维制备及应用

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

兔毛基中空碳纤维在锂硫电池中的应用

陈君妍1,2, 鞠敬鸽1,2, 邓南平1,2, 杨琪1,2, 程博闻1,2, 康卫民1,2()   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-08 修回日期:2020-11-16 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 康卫民
  • 作者简介:陈君妍(1994—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为生物质纤维材料。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51873152);天津市科技计划项目(19PTSYJC00010)

Application of rabbit hair based hollow carbon fiber in lithium-sulfur battery

CHEN Junyan1,2, JU Jingge1,2, DENG Nanping1,2, YANG Qi1,2, CHENG Bowen1,2, KANG Weimin1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2020-06-08 Revised:2020-11-16 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-17
  • Contact: KANG Weimin

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摘要：

为开发高性能、低成本的锂硫电池正极储硫材料,利用天然生物质纤维兔毛为前驱体,经预处理和炭化制备了具有杂原子掺杂的兔毛中空碳纤维(RC),并采用热熔融法制得硫/兔毛基碳纤维(S/RC)复合材料。探讨了不同炭化温度对碳纤维形貌结构、S/RC复合材料晶型结构与电导率、锂硫电池的电化学性能及循环充放电稳定性的影响。结果表明:预处理温度为300 ℃,炭化温度为800 ℃时,制备的兔毛基中空碳纤维的形貌结构最好,用其作为正极材料制备的电池首次放电比容量达899 mA·h/g,在0.5C倍率下300次循环后放电比容量为598 mA·h/g,仍保持原始比容量的66.52%;在高倍率条件下该电池仍具有较高的放电比容量,1C和2C倍率下放电比容量分别为543.8和505.4 mA·h/g。

关键词: 兔毛, 中空碳纤维, 锂硫电池, 正极材料, 生物质纤维

Abstract:

In order to develop a high-performance and low-cost lithium-sulfur battery cathode sulfur storage material, the rabbit hair hollow carbon fiber (RC) with heteroatom doping was successfully prepared by using natural biomass fiber as the precursor. After pretreatment and carbonization, the sulfur/rabbit hair carbon fiber (S/RC) composite material is prepared by hot melting method. The effects of different carbonization temperatures on the morphology and structure of carbon fibers, the crystalline structure and conductivity of S/RC composites, the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries and the stability of cyclic charge and discharge were discussed. The results show that when the pretreatment temperature is 300 ℃ and the carbonization temperature is 800 ℃, the morphology and structure of the prepared rabbit hair hollow carbon fiber are the most intact; the battery prepared with it has a first discharge specific capacity of 899 mA·h/g, and at 0.5C after 300 cycles, the discharge specific capacity became 598 mA·h/g, retaining 66.52% of the original specific capacity. Under high rate conditions, the battery still has a high discharge specific capacity, and the discharge specific capacities at 1C and 2C are 543.8 and 505.4 mA·h/g respectively.

Key words: rabbit hair, hollow carbon fiber, lithium-sulfur battery, anode material, biomass fiber

中图分类号: 

  • TS139

图1

S/RC复合材料的形成原理图"

图2

不同制备阶段的兔毛扫描电镜照片"

图3

兔毛基中空碳纤维透射电镜照片"

表1

RC-800和S/RC表面元素含量"

样品名称 含量
C N O P S
RC-800 75.72 6.61 7.70 6.34 3.63
S/RC-700 56.36 4.01 4.17 1.37 34.09
S/RC-800 57.75 3.53 3.66 1.14 33.92
S/RC-900 58.35 3.49 2.17 0.82 35.17

图4

不同炭化温度的RC和S/RC的X射线衍射图谱"

图5

S/RC复合材料的热重曲线"

图6

RC-800和S/RC-800氮气吸附-脱附等温曲线及孔径分布图"

图7

正极材料的电化学阻抗图和循环伏安曲线"

图8

S/RC-CNTs复合材料在0.5C时的循环性能"

图9

S/RC-CNTs的初始充放电曲线"

图10

不同倍率下S/RC-CNTs-800的充放电曲线"

图11

不同循环次数S/RC-CNTs-800的充放电曲线"

图12

S/RC-CNTs-800的倍率性能"

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