热塑性聚氨酯熔喷非织造材料制备与性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210802806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善传统熔喷非织造材料强度低、弹性回复性差的问题,以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为原料制备了一种新型弹性熔喷非织造材料。研究了TPU的热性能及流变性能,分析了制备工艺参数对TPU熔喷非织造材料形貌、力学性能、透气性能和水接触角的影响。结果表明:数均分子量为33 767 g/mol、分子量分布指数为2.19、熔点为159.4 ℃的TPU原料,在230 ℃时流变性能良好,适合进行熔喷纺丝;当纤维平均直径为10.27 μm、纤维网平均孔径为145 μm时,制备的TPU熔喷非织造材料的纵、横向断裂强度分别为52和49 N/(5 cm),纵、横向断裂伸长率分别为424%和459%,50%伸长回复率为97%,透气率为580 L/(m²·s),水接触角为110.3°,呈现明显的拒水特性。

关键词: 热塑性聚氨酯, 弹性非织造材料, 透气性, 拒水性

Abstract:

In order to improve strength and elastic recovery of traditional meltblown nonwovens, a new type of elastic meltblown nonwovens was prepared from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The thermal properties and rheological properties of TPU were studied, and the effects of preparation process parameters on the morphology, mechanical properties, air permeability and contact angle of TPU meltblown nonwovens were analyzed. The results show that the TPU raw material with a number average molecular weight of 33 767 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution index of 2.19 and a melting point of 159.4 ℃ has good rheological properties at 230 ℃ which is suitable for melt-blown spinning. When the average fiber diameter is 10.27 μm and the average fiber web pore size is 145 μm, the longitudinal and transverse rupture strengths of the prepared TPU meltblown nonwovens are 52 and 49 N/(5 cm), the longitudinal and transverse elongation at break are 424% and 459%, respectively. With the same web parameters, the 50% elongation recovery rate is 97%, the air permeability is 580 L/(m²·s), and the water contact angle is 110.3°, showing obvious water-repellent properties.

Key words: thermoplastic polyurethane, elastic nonwoven material, breathability, water repellency

中图分类号:

TS176.4

刘亚, 程可为, 赵义侠, 于雯, 张淑苹, 钱子茂. 热塑性聚氨酯熔喷非织造材料制备与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(11): 88-93.

LIU Ya, CHENG Kewei, ZHAO Yixia, YU Wen, ZHANG Shuping, QIAN Zimao. Preparation and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane meltblowns[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(11): 88-93.

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参考文献 13

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样品编号	热风温度/℃	牵伸风压/MPa	接收距离/cm
1	260	0.015	40
2	260	0.015	35
3	260	0.015	30
4	260	0.015	25
5	260	0.015	20
6	260	0.020	25
7	260	0.015	25
8	260	0.010	25
9	260	0.005	25
10	260	0.001	25
11	260	0.015	25
12	265	0.015	25
13	270	0.015	25
14	275	0.015	25
15	280	0.015	25

原料编号	分子质量/(g·mol^-1)							分子质量分布
原料编号	M_n	M_w		M_p		M_z		分子质量分布
1^#	32 069		62 540		44 578		108 592	1.950
2^#	47 675		86 938		74 557		134 979	1.824
3^#	33 767		65 843		46 507		112 566	1.950
4^#	27 796		52 848		40 076		92 511	1.901
5^#	34 606		77 430		52 135		127 858	2.237

样品编号	接触角/ (°)	样品编号	接触角/ (°)	样品编号	接触角/ (°)
1	106.0	6	102.0	11	103.0
2	106.0	7	103.0	12	107.0
3	105.0	8	106.0	13	103.7
4	103.0	9	107.7	14	103.0
5	105.0	10	110.3	15	103.0