纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 236-243.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240701202

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

纤维素的溶解体系及废旧棉纤维循环再生研究进展

刘婧瑜1,2, 史晟2(), 胡晓睿3, 李小燕4, 张美玲2, 高承永2, 王华1,2   

  1. 1太原理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 山西 太原 030024
    2太原理工大学 轻纺工程学院, 山西 晋中 030600
    3北方科技信息研究所, 北京100089
    4安徽天助纺织科技集团股份有限公司, 安徽 阜阳236000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-12 修回日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 史晟(1986—),男,副教授。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品循环利用。E-mail:shisheng@tyut.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:刘婧瑜(2000—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为废旧纺织品循环利用。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51903184);山西浙大新材料与化工研究院研发项目(2022SX-TD005);山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302124058);山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302124492)

Review on dissolution systems for cellulose and recycling and regeneration of waste cotton fiber

LIU Jingyu1,2, SHI Sheng2(), HU Xiaorui3, LI Xiaoyan4, ZHANG Meiling2, GAO Chengyong2, WANG Hua1,2   

  1. 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
    2College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
    3North Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Beijing100089, China
    4Anhui Tianzhu Textile Science Technology Co., Ltd., Fuyang, Anhui236000, China
  • Received:2024-07-12 Revised:2025-03-18 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-08-14

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摘要：

棉纤维是最主要的天然纤维,年均使用量和废弃量巨大,使用周期短,循环利用率低,造成了严重的资源浪费。为实现棉纤维资源化和高值化利用,促进新型纤维素溶剂体系研发,推动废旧棉纤维循环再生技术创新,基于废旧棉纺织品的回收现状,从纤维素的溶解机制出发,对纤维素的溶解体系进行了综述,介绍了各类新型溶剂体系的溶解机制、适用性及最新技术,最后综述了废旧棉纤维的循环利用方法及研究现状,指出棉纤维废弃后状态复杂,现有溶剂体系和回收技术成本高、溶解能力有限、工艺条件苛刻,尚难实现废旧棉纤维的高效清洁再生及规模化利用,仍需进一步探索更具成本优势和技术竞争力的棉纤维循环再生方案,为纤维素的溶剂体系研究和废旧棉纤维的循环利用提供了借鉴。

关键词: 废旧棉纤维, 纤维素, 溶解机制, 溶剂体系, 循环再生

Abstract:

Significance As a result of improved wealtiness of consumers and the change in consumption concept, and the amount of waste textiles generated has increased year by year. Cotton is the most important natural fiber, the average annual waste is huge, the development of high-value reuse technology of waste cotton textiles, the establishment of waste cotton textile cleaning and recycling system has important economic value. Strengthening the basic research of cellulose dissolution mechanism and development a new cellulose solvent system with high efficiency, economy and environmental protection, further optimizing the recycling process of waste cotton fibers, have been priary driving force for establishing and improving the recycling system of waste cotton textiles. Opening up different comprehensive utilization channels of waste cotton textiles has an important positive role in promoting resource conservation, environmental protection and carbon emission reduction, and the development and application of biomass materials.

Progress Cellulose cannot be directly spun into fiber by melting method, hence dissolution is the premise and key to high-value processing and utilization. However, it is challenging to achieve the dissolution of cotton fibers due to its high crystallinity, high molecular weight, complex aggregate structure, and insoluble in water and ordinary organic solvents. Therefore, researchers have been constantly exploring and researching cellulose solvents. The cuprammonium method and viscose method are conventional processes for the production of regenerated cellulose fibers. However, because the production process of the two involves a large amount of harmful chemicals causing serious environmental pollution, the use of these methods in industrial production has been gradually reduced. Some new cellulose solvent systems, including alkali/urea systems, lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) systems, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) systems, ionic liquids have been reported. In addition, based on various solvent systems, many important results have been achieved in the research on the graded recycling of waste cotton fibers through mechanical, physical and chemical methods. A variety of regenerated cellulose and their derivative products have been produced with excellent performance and application values, for example, regenerated cellulose fiber, regenerated yarn, regenerated cellulose film, aerogel, hydrogel have a very wide range of application prospects.

Conclusion and Prospect The conventional cellulose dissolution systems have many problems such as poor solubility, high cost, cumbersome recycling process, and environmental pollution. Compared with conventional cellulose solvent systems, the development of new solvent systems such as alkali/urea and NaOH/thiourea, ionic liquids, and DES provide possibilities for green processing of cellulose and high-value recycling. However, these systems still have problems such as high cost, harsh dissolution conditions and limited solubility, and it is still difficult to achieve efficient dissolution of cotton fibers. In order to obtain comprehensive utilization, cotton fiber can be processed into corresponding recycled products from the level of fiber structure, aggregate structure and molecular structure, through mechanical opening, dissolution and regeneration and chemical degradation and graded utilization. Although many important progress and outstanding results have been achieved in the research of cellulose recycling, the existing solvent system and recovery technology still face challenge in general in achieving efficient and clean reuse of waste cotton fiber. It is still necessary to further explore more cost-competitive and technically competitive cotton fiber recycling schemes. Breaking through the bottleneck problem and directly improving the comprehensive utilization rate are of positive significance to help the construction of ecological civilization and the achievement of the ″dual carbon goal″, and accelerate the construction of a resource recycling industrial system and a waste material recycling system.

Key words: waste cotton fiber, cellulose, dissolution mechanism, solvent system, recycling

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.9

图1

纤维素分子在溶剂中的溶解行为"

表1

纤维素溶剂体系及溶解机制"

溶剂类型溶剂体系溶解温度/℃溶解机制
非衍生化溶剂铜氨溶液常温[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2与羟基发生强作用破坏氢键
NaOH/尿素/H2O、NaOH/硫脲/H2O或LiOH/尿素/H2O-12~-5碱溶剂分子破坏氢键,形成的蠕虫状复合物阻止链聚集
LiCl/DMAc80~165Li+与DMAc结合形成离子-偶极络合物,Cl-与纤维素羟基结合形成氢键
NMMO/H2O85~120强极性N→O基团与羟基络合破坏氢键
离子液体20~130阴阳离子协同破坏氢键
衍生化溶剂NaOH/CS2常温碱纤维素与CS2发生磺化反应生成可溶的纤维素磺酸酯
PF/DMSO80~120PF受热分解产生甲醛与纤维素羟基反应生成可溶的羟甲基纤维素

图2

废旧棉纤维综合利用方法及主要产品"

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