Lyocell纤维直接成网工艺优化与性能分析

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240303101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对Lyocell纤维直接成网技术,深入分析了液流牵伸装置的结构参数,包括加速流道的入口、出口宽度以及底板宽度,探究了这些参数对液流速度的影响。通过优化这些结构参数,显著提升了液流速度,使其达到217 m/min,为Lyocell纤维的快速牵伸提供了技术基础。进一步探讨了液流牵伸工艺参数对非织造材料性能的影响。此外,研究了液流牵伸工艺参数如液流速度、N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)浓度和液流温度对非织造材料的结晶度、断裂强力、吸液率、透气率和柔软度的影响。通过实验确定了最优工艺参数,制备出的非织造材料具有以下特性:纵向断裂强度为35~40 N,横向断裂强度为18~25 N,吸液率为1 100%~1 200%,透气率为4 600~4 900 mm/s,干态纵向柔软度为240~280 mN,干态横向柔软度为60~70 mN,湿态纵向柔软度为80~100 mN,湿态横向柔软度为49~56 mN。

关键词: 纤维素溶液, Lyocell纤维, 直接成网, 液流牵伸, 吸湿透气性, 柔软度

Abstract:

Objective Lyocell fiber direct web formation is an innovative method of preparing nonwoven materials by drafting a cellulose solution through a liquid stream and directly webbing the filaments by a dry-spray wet method using air gap cooling. It has the advantages of short preparation process, low investment in equipment and small footprint. The prepared non-woven material has high strength, good softness, good moisture absorption and air permeability, and low flaking rate, and can be applied in the fields of beauty mask, medical gauze, high-end wiping paper, and tea bags.

Method In this research, the liquid flow rate of the liquid flow drafting device under different structural parameters was investigated, and the crystallinity, breaking strength, liquid absorption rate, permeability and softness of the materials prepared under different liquid flow rates, different liquid flow NMMO concentrations and temperatures were studied comparatively, so as to determine the optimal structural parameters of the device and the liquid flow process parameters.

Results In the case of constant accelerating fluid flow rate, the total fluid rate increased with the increase of the ratio of the accelerating runner inlet and outlet widths (d₀/d₁). However, if d₀/d₁ value is too large, the accelerating fluid flow outlet pressure would be too large, which is prone to cause the non-uniformity of the fluid velocity. As the width of the bottom plate increased, the liquid flow velocity was decreased, and the width of the bottom plate was preferably 3-4 mm. As the liquid flow rate increased, the diameter of the fiber gradually became finer, and the finest was 9 μm in diameter, and the crystallinity and orientation of the fiber gradually increased with the increase of the liquid flow rate. The longitudinal and transversal breaking strengths of the nonwoven materials showed a tendency to increase with the increase of the liquid flow velocity. With the increase of the liquid flow rate, the liquid absorption rate and air permeability of the nonwoven materials demonstrated a decrease, and the softness of the nonwoven materials in both dry and wet states was deteriorated. With the increase of the concentration of NMMO, the crystallinity of the nonwoven materials was increased, and with the increase of the liquid flow temperature, the crystallinity of the nonwoven materials was decreased. The longitudinal and transverse breaking strength of the nonwoven materials was increased as the concentration of NMMO in the liquid flow increased, and the longitudinal and transverse breaking strength of the nonwoven materials was decreased as the temperature of the liquid flow increased. As the concentration of NMMO in the liquid flow increased, the softness of the nonwoven material was deteriorated, and as the temperature of the liquid flow increased, the softness of the nonwoven material was improved. Under the optimal process parameters, the prepared material had the longitudinal breaking strength of 35-40 N, transverse breaking strength of 18-25 N, liquid absorption rate of 1 100%-1 200%, air permeability of 4 600-4 900 mm/s, and dry state longitudinal softness 240-280 mN, dry state transverse softness 60-70 mN, wet state longitudinal softness 80-100 mN, and wet state transverse softness 49-56 mN.

Conclusion By optimizing the ratio of the inlet and outlet widths of the accelerating runner and the width of the base plate, the flow rate is maximized, resulting in improved fiber drafting. An increase in flow rate leads to a reduction in fiber diameter and an increase in crystallinity, which in turn enhances the longitudinal and transverse breaking strength of the nonwoven material. An increase in the liquid flow rate also leads to a decrease in the liquid absorption rate and air permeability of the material, and a deterioration in softness. As the concentration of liquid rate NMMO increases, the crystallinity and breaking strength of the material increase, and the softness decreases; while the increase of liquid rate temperature leads to the decrease of crystallinity, the decrease of breaking strength, and the improvement of softness. By precisely controlling the structural and process parameters of the liquid flow drafting device, the properties of Lyocell nonwoven materials can be effectively regulated, and nonwoven materials with high strength, good moisture absorption and air permeability, and suitable softness can be prepared. Future research can further explore the specific requirements of material properties in different application scenarios and achieve more refined process control and product customization.

Key words: cellulose solution, Lyocell fiber, direct web formation, fluid flow drafting, moisture absorption and permeability, softness

中图分类号:

TS174

张帆, 程春祖, 郭翠彬, 张东, 程敏, 李婷, 徐纪刚. Lyocell纤维直接成网工艺优化与性能分析[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(03): 34-40.

ZHANG Fan, CHENG Chunzu, GUO Cuibin, ZHANG Dong, CHENG Min, LI Ting, XU Jigang. Optimization and performance analysis of Lyocell fiber direct web formation process[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 34-40.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240303101

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I03/34

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试样编号	纤维直径/μm	结晶度/%	Δn(双折射率)
1^#	15.0	60.20	0.072 9
2^#	12.0	61.09	0.073 2
3^#	11.5	61.73	0.074 7
4^#	10.8	62.25	0.076 5
5^#	9.0	62.97	0.077 7

试样编号	纵向断裂强力/N	纵向断裂伸长率/%	横向断裂强力/N	横向断裂伸长率/%
1^#	35.24	36.94	18.32	85.02
2^#	40.96	31.93	24.74	78.22
3^#	42.35	26.94	26.32	69.80
4^#	44.38	20.44	28.86	59.48
5^#	48.92	15.67	31.67	51.78

试样编号	孔隙率/%	吸液率/%	透气率/(mm·s^-1)
1^#	91.5	1 162	4 863
2^#	90.9	1 137	4 618
3^#	88.9	1 095	4 496
4^#	86.4	1 047	4 178
5^#	85.2	1 006	3 986

试样编号	干态柔软度/mN		湿态柔软度/mN
试样编号	纵向	横向	纵向	横向
1^#	245.4	62.8	83.3	49.1
2^#	276.5	70.3	96.6	55.8
3^#	300.7	77.7	104.3	60.2
4^#	325.0	84.2	110.3	63.9
5^#	342.3	98.7	122.5	66.2

试样编号	纵向断裂强力/N	纵向断裂伸长率/%	横向断裂强力/N	横向断裂伸长率/%
3^#	42.35	26.94	26.32	69.80
6^#	32.76	39.17	19.27	86.41
7^#	36.42	35.37	23.88	80.56
8^#	47.51	22.45	28.84	60.73
9^#	53.00	21.57	34.73	58.44
10^#	48.00	19.72	30.68	62.14
11^#	37.00	32.66	22.75	77.45