纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 25-30.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200905206

• 特约专栏:纺织材料阻燃新技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型植酸基阻燃剂改性Lyocell纤维与织物的制备及其性能

林生根1, 刘晓辉1(), 苏晓伟1, 何聚1, 任元林2   

  1. 1.天津工业大学 材料科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    2.天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-19 修回日期:2021-03-17 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓辉
  • 作者简介:林生根(1995—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为阻燃纤维素纤维的制备。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0309000)

Preparation and properties of Lyocell fibers and fabrics modified with new phytic acid based flame retardant

LIN Shenggen1, LIU Xiaohui1(), SU Xiaowei1, HE Ju1, REN Yuanlin2   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. School of Textile Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2020-09-19 Revised:2021-03-17 Published:2021-07-15 Online:2021-07-22
  • Contact: LIU Xiaohui

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摘要：

为提高Lyocell纤维与织物的阻燃性能,利用天然富磷化合物植酸与新戊二醇和尿素反应制备了一种膨胀型阻燃剂,应用于Lyocell纤维与织物的后整理。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜,分析了阻燃Lyocell纤维的结构、热稳定性及表面形貌。采用垂直燃烧、锥形量热及极限氧指数实验,研究了处理后Lyocell织物的阻燃性能。结果表明:经阻燃处理后的Lyocell纤维,其初始分解温度降低了177.1 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭量提高了21%;总热释放量、热释放速率峰值及平均热释放速率分别降低了76.9%、84.0%、70.6%;极限氧指数从17.0% 提高到47.6%,经25次洗涤后极限氧指数下降到28.8%,但仍具有良好的阻燃性能。

关键词: 阻燃纤维, 植酸, Lyocell纤维, 膨胀型阻燃剂, 分解温度, 阻燃性能

Abstract:

In order to improve the flame retardancy of Lyocell fibers and fabrics, an intumescent flame retardant was prepared by reaction of phytic acid, a natural phosphorus-rich compound, with neopentyl glycol and urea, which was applied to the finishing of Lyocell fibers and fabrics. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscopy, the structure, thermal stability and surface morphology of the flame retardant Lyocell fibers were studied. The flame retardant properties of the treated Lyocell fabrics were studied through vertical combustion, cone calorimetric and limiting oxygen index tests. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature of Lyocell fibers after flame retardant treatment is decreased by 177.1 ℃, and the carbon residue increases by 21% at 800 ℃. The total heat release, peak heat release rate and average heat release rate are decreased by 76.9%, 84.0%, and 70.6%, respectively. The limit oxygen index (LOI) was increased from 17.0% to 47.6%. After 25 times of washing, the LOI dropped to 28.8%, but still has decent flame retardant performance.

Key words: flame retardant fiber, phytic acid, Lyocell fiber, intumescent flame retardant, decomposition temperature, flame retardant performance

中图分类号: 

  • TQ317

图1

环保阻燃剂的制备流程"

图2

阻燃剂的红外光谱"

图3

纤维的红外光谱"

图4

纤维在氮气气氛下的TG和DTG曲线"

表1

氮气气氛下处理前后纤维的分解温度及残炭量"

样品 T5%/℃ T50%/℃ Tmax/℃ 800 ℃时残炭量/%
未处理 309.5 354.9 377.3 16.4
处理后 132.4 376.5 281.2 37.5

图5

纤维及纤维燃烧后样品的扫描电镜照片"

图6

织物垂直燃烧照片处理"

表2

不同织物的垂直燃烧结果"

样品 LOI
值/% 		质量增加
率/% 		余焰
时长/s 		燃烧速率/
(mm·s-1) 		炭长/
mm
未处理 17.0 0 5 42.0 0
处理后 47.6 21 0 0.9 32
处理+水洗25次 28.8 5 0 1.3 69

图7

织物热释放速率及总热释放量曲线"

表3

未处理和处理后Lyocell织物的热释放数据"

样品 点火
时间/s 		总热释放量/
(MJ·m-2) 		热释放速率峰
值/(kW·m-2) 		平均热释放速
率/(kW·m-2) 		残炭
量/%
未处理 18.0 16.9 135.7 44.6 4.7
处理后 — 3.9 21.7 13.1 31.5

图8

阻燃Lyocell纤维燃烧后残炭的拉曼光谱图"

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