棕榈纤维吸声复合材料的老化性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240706601

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (06): 127-134.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240706601

棕榈纤维吸声复合材料的老化性能

张毅¹(), 沈殷², 高金霞³, 郁崇文⁴

1.浙江工业职业技术学院, 浙江绍兴 312000
2.绍兴中纺联检验技术服务有限公司, 浙江绍兴 312030
3.绍兴透真纺织科技有限公司, 浙江, 绍兴 312033
4.东华大学纺织学院, 上海 201620

收稿日期:2024-07-30 修回日期:2025-01-19 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-02
作者简介:张毅(1985—),男,副教授,硕士。主要研究方向为麻类纤维的脱胶与产品开发。E-mail:zhangyigyxy@163.com。
基金资助:
浙江工业职业技术学院“专业学科一体化建设”项目(XKC201921006);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202146090)

Aging properties of acoustic-absorbing composites from palm fiber

ZHANG Yi¹(), SHEN Yin², GAO Jinxia³, YU Chongwen⁴

1. Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
2. Shaoxing China Textile Union Inspection Technical Services Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, China
3. Shaoxing Touzhen Textile Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312033, China
4. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

Received:2024-07-30 Revised:2025-01-19 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨棕榈吸声复合材料替代黄麻吸声内饰板的可行性,研究了棕榈纤维毡/陶粒/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯) (PHBV)吸声复合材料、黄麻纤维毡/PHBV吸声内饰板分别在自然光老化、湿热老化、紫外光照老化工艺下的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、无缺口冲击强度和吸声系数平均值,以及在自然光老化、湿热老化工艺下的抑菌率;分析了湿热老化下吸声复合材料的吸水率和厚度方向膨胀率;测试了紫外光照老化下2种纤维的木质素含量、表面和拉伸断面形貌、化学结构;运用剩余强度模型预测了自然光老化下的力学性能。结果表明:3种老化工艺下棕榈吸声复合材料完全可替代黄麻吸声内饰板,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有一定的抑菌效果;湿热老化下复合材料的吸水率、厚度方向膨胀率随温度上升而增大,抑菌率快速下降;纤维木质素含量的减少是导致紫外光照老化下复合材料力学性能降低的重要原因;预测1 095 d后吸声材料的拉伸强度为24.97 MPa,弯曲强度为44.23 MPa,1 825 d后拉伸强度为22.51 MPa,弯曲强度为41.94 MPa。

关键词: 棕榈纤维毡, 吸声系数, 老化性能, 湿热老化, 汽车内饰材料, 剩余强度模型, 吸声复合材料

Abstract:

Objective Since 2022, the production of jute-based acoustic-absorbing composite materials has declined due to reduced imports of raw jute materials. Automotive interior manufacturers are actively exploring new types of fibers that can either be blended with or partially replace jute in the production of acoustic materials. Through a comparative study on the aging properties of palm fiber acoustic-absorbing composites and widely used jute fiber acoustic interior panels in the market, this research further investigates the feasibility of substituting jute-based panels with palm fiber composites while improving the durability of such acoustic-absorbing interior components.

Method Palm fiber felt/ceramic/poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-hydroxy-valerate) (PHBV) acoustic-absorbing composite and jute fiber felt/PHBV acoustic-absorbing interior panels were studied under the natural light aging, hot-humid aging and ultraviolet light aging with the average values of tensile strength, bending strength, un-notched impact strength and sound absorption coefficient, bacteriostatic rate under natural light aging and hot-humid aging process. The water absorption rate and thickness-direction expansion rate of the acoustic-absorbing composite were analyzed. The lignin content, the composite's appearance change, the tensile section morphology and the chemical junction of the two fibers were tested under ultraviolet irradiation. The residual strength model was used to predict the mechanical properties under natural light aging.

Results Under natural light aging process, the average values of tensile strength, bending strength, unnotched impact strength and acoustic absorbing coefficient of the two kinds of acoustic-absorbing composite materials decreased gradually with extended treatment time. The water absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of the two types of acoustic-absorbing composites increased rapidly with the increase of the humidity and heat temperature, but the bacteriostatic rate decreased rapidly. According to the water transport dynamics equation, for the palm acoustic composite material at 65 ℃, which could initially determine that it conformed to the Fickian water absorption model. With the increase of aging times under the ultraviolet light, the tensile strength, bending strength and unnotched impact strength all increased first and then decreased, and the mean value of acoustic-absorbing coefficient decreased gradually. The lignin content of the two fibers decreased with the increase of irradiation times. It had certain antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. At the same time, the surface of the two composite materials were discolored and cracks appeared, the appearance of the treated palm fiber acoustic-absorbing composite material became darker, and the surface became rough and uneven. Under the condition of 4 000-500 cm^-1 band, there were five characteristic absorption peaks of palm fiber acoustic composite, which are 3 280, 1 731, 1 376, 1 158 and 709 cm^-1. Among them, 3 280, 1 158 and 709 cm^-1 were speculated as O—H bond vibration, C—O ether bond stretching vibration and C—H group vibration after degradation of PHBV. The residual strength model was used to predict the tensile strength and bending strength under natural light process. After 1 095 d (3 a), the tensile strength and bending strength of the material was 24.97 MPa and 44.93 MPa respectively. After 1 825 days (5 a), the tensile strength was 22.51 MPa and the bending strength was 41.94 MPa.

Conclusion Under the natural light aging, hot-humid aging and ultraviolet light aging, the palm acoustic composite could replace the jute acoustic interior panel completely. The water absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of the composite increased with the increase of temperature and tended to balance in the later stage. The decrease of fiber lignin content was an important reason for the degradation of properties of ultraviolet light aging composites. According to the residual strength model, under the natural light aging process, the tensile strength and bending strength of the palm acoustic absorbing composite material after 1 095 d and 1 825 d could also reach the tensile strength and bending strength of the standard specified in QC/T 906—2013 ″Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Bast Fiber Composite Panels for Automotive Interior Parts″.

Key words: palm fiber felt, acoustic absorbing coefficient, aging property, hot-humid aging, automotive interior material, residual strength model, acoustic-absorbing composite material

中图分类号:

TS102.2

张毅, 沈殷, 高金霞, 郁崇文. 棕榈纤维吸声复合材料的老化性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(06): 127-134.

ZHANG Yi, SHEN Yin, GAO Jinxia, YU Chongwen. Aging properties of acoustic-absorbing composites from palm fiber[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(06): 127-134.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240706601

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I06/127

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老化时间/ d	拉伸强度/ MPa		弯曲强度/ MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		抑菌率/%
	拉伸强度/ MPa		弯曲强度/ MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		对金黄色葡萄球菌		对大肠埃希菌
	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	70.28	73.35	77.52	78.20
60	35.3	32.2	53.1	53.9	6.0	5.7	0.62	0.62	61.39	64.28	68.03	71.08
120	34.4	31.1	52.6	53.2	5.8	5.0	0.58	0.53	50.16	54.55	57.39	60.15
180	33.6	30.1	51.9	51.7	5.2	4.4	0.49	0.46	34.39	40.47	48.06	49.52
240	32.7	29.6	51.6	51.2	5.0	4.2	0.43	0.42	19.76	23.33	34.30	37.71
300	32.2	29.2	50.4	50.9	4.8	4.1	0.42	0.41	15.82	19.75	23.15	26.69

老化时间/d	吸水率/%						厚度方向膨胀率/%
	棕榈纤维			黄麻纤维			棕榈纤维			黄麻纤维
	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃	25 ℃	45 ℃	65 ℃
20	0.3	1.1	2.1	0.2	0.9	1.6	0.22	2.27	4.08	0.19	2.09	4.02
40	1.2	2.8	3.5	0.8	2.3	3.2	0.54	3.59	6.35	0.49	3.38	6.17
60	1.9	4.1	5.3	1.5	3.6	5.2	0.67	4.88	8.22	0.62	4.56	7.95
80	2.8	4.7	6.4	2.1	4.3	6.1	0.85	6.21	9.19	0.81	5.92	9.01
100	2.9	4.9	6.6	2.3	4.5	6.2	1.13	6.25	9.21	1.09	5.99	9.05

老化时间/ d	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/ (kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		抑菌率/%
	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/ (kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		对金黄色葡萄球菌		对大肠埃希菌
	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	70.28	73.35	77.52	78.20
20	36.8	33.4	54.1	54.9	6.0	5.7	0.62	0.62	56.29	58.60	61.31	65.29
40	37.1	34.7	54.5	55.3	5.7	5.4	0.57	0.59	29.37	36.19	44.86	47.71
60	35.9	33.2	54.0	53.9	5.5	5.3	0.54	0.55	12.59	22.12	26.23	32.80
80	33.7	31.5	53.2	53.2	5.4	5.1	0.52	0.54	5.24	8.90	10.09	13.54
100	30.5	29.8	52.1	52.4	5.1	4.9	0.50	0.51	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

老化时间/h	拉伸强度/MPa		弯曲强度/MPa		无缺口冲击强度/(kJ·m^-1)		吸声系数平均值		纤维毡中木质素含量/%
老化时间/h	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维	棕榈纤维	黄麻纤维
0	36.5	32.9	53.8	54.4	6.1	5.9	0.63	0.65	11.72	12.95
120	37.2	33.6	54.6	55.1	6.4	6.3	0.58	0.59	10.09	11.58
240	36.1	32.9	53.9	54.1	5.7	5.8	0.51	0.50	9.27	10.30
360	35.2	31.8	52.7	53.0	5.1	5.2	0.49	0.44	7.83	8.65
480	33.5	30.4	51.0	51.5	4.8	4.8	0.48	0.43	7.42	7.92
600	31.6	29.1	49.6	50.1	4.5	4.4	0.46	0.42	7.35	7.61

棕榈纤维吸声复合材料的老化性能

Aging properties of acoustic-absorbing composites from palm fiber

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