关键词: 速度滑冰服, 功能性服装, 服装版型, 智能化设计, 服装制版

Abstract:

Significance Short-track and long-track speed skating is an important winter sports with strong competitive and ornamental value. As an important racing equipment, the professional speed skating suits have been supported by many high technologies in interdisciplinary fields such as aerodynamics, materials science, textile science, sports science, physiology, psychology, computer science and technology. Scientifically and reasonablly engineered sport suits are helpful to reduce exercise resistance, optimize technical movements, avoid muscle damage, improve exercise efficiency, and play an important role in promoting athletes' capability. The skating suits provide both sports and aesthetic artistic effects to athletes and spectators. In the past three or four decades, many studies have been conducted with both academic and industrial perspectives. With the popularization of speed skating, more and more professional athletes and ordinary enthusiasts are drawn into this sport. The requirement of professional speed skating suits has increased in past years. In order to clarify the functional characteristics and design requirements of professional speed skating clothing, and promote the professional application and development of speed skating functional clothing design and manufacturing, it is very important to systematically investigate and summarize the current status and development trends in technical research on speed skating suits.

Progress As a professional sport equipment, speed skating suits use a lot of professional technical support. Dozens of research reports over the past 40 years were searched and retrieved and highly relevant literatures were selected. The important progresses in the research fields of speed skating suit design, production, and functional testing are made mainly in aerodynamic characteristics and resistance reduction, safety protection and cutting resistance, sports comfort and physiology, sports biomechanics, and clothing design and prototype production. The aerodynamic characteristics i.e., resistance reduction is the first design aim for speed skating suit, and this is because for high-level athletes, besides their own training and physical functions, reducing resistance is the most effective way to improve competition performance. This field attracted many famous and highly productive researchers, and the representative achievements include the mechanism of resistance formation in speed skating, techniques and processes for reducing resistance, as well as equipment and standardized experimental procedures and evaluation standards. The speed in speed skating is generally 13-16 m/s, and its aerodynamic characteristics have significant impacts on sliding speed and energy consumption. Research on the aerodynamic characteristics of speed skating started in the early 1980s. A large amount of research has been carried out on the aerodynamic characteristics of speed skating suits, and relatively mature theoretical and technical systems have been formed, mainly using wind tunnel simulation experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation calculations. In addition to the frictional resistance on the ice surface, the air resistance in speed skating mainly includes the pressure difference resistance and surface frictional resistance. The main ways to reduce resistance include using new fabrics with special surface roughness structures, vortex generators and other auxiliary devices, as well as optimized template structures and dividing line designs. Safety protection is another important design goal, especially for short track speed skating where there is a huge risk of injury to athletes during sliding.

Conclusion and Prospect This paper provides a comprehensive review on investigation and analysis of the technological progress related to functional clothing for speed skating. Based on the functional requirements of speed skating and speed skating suits, the design elements of speed skating suits are discussed from five aspects: resistance reduction, protection, comfort, sports assistance, and appearance design. Furthermore, the research achievements and technological progress in the field of speed skating suit technology are summarized and analyzed, with focus on resistance reduction technology, fabric performance, structure, and pattern design. The research has led to the following progress. ① Drag reduction remains the main goal of speed skating and speed skating suit design research, and it continue to attach researchers'attention. The wind tunnel test and CFD simulation calculation mode for resistance reduction testing are basically mature, gradually forming standardized experimental testing processes and evaluation standards. The research focus is mainly on the development of new materials and new processes. ② New fabrics and textiles will play an increasingly important role, involving interdisciplinary design innovations in new materials, yarns, structures, and processes, as well as their applications in the field of functional clothing for speed skating, reflecting improvements in physiological indicators such as resistance reduction performance, comfort, physical and mechanical properties. ③ Clothing structure design and template generation technology, including exterior pattern design, will attract more attention to achieving standardization, digitization, and automation of the design and production process on the basis of meeting the personalized needs of athletes, and adapt to the new large-scale personalized customization production mode. ④ Emerging digital and artificial intelligence technologies would further empower the design and production process of speed skating suits. Based on big data on body shape and design, as well as generative artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence will play an important role in the new generation of interactive design patterns and intelligent manufacturing systems, thereby generating innovative growth points and driving forces. Intelligent development of personalized speed skating suit samples for athletes is an effective method to meet the functional requirements of speed skating suits. Taking into account resistance reduction, fabric performance, and personalized needs, achieving quantitative calculation and digital generation of speed skating suit samples is an inevitable development trend that can effectively improve the effectiveness and efficiency of pattern making.

Key words: speed skating suit, functional clothing, clothing pattern, intelligent design, pattern making