纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (08): 40-47.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210608708

• 纤维材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗菌和防紫外线双效功能聚乳酸/ZnO纤维的制备及其性能

朱燕龙1,2, 谷英姝1,2, 谷潇夏1,2, 董振峰1,2, 汪滨1,2, 张秀芹1,2()   

  1. 1.北京服装学院 服装材料研究开发与评价北京市重点实验室, 北京 100029
    2.北京市纺织纳米纤维工程技术研究中心, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-30 修回日期:2022-01-25 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 张秀芹
  • 作者简介:朱燕龙(1998—),男,硕士。主要研究方向为生物可降解聚乳酸纤维的功能化。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52173027);国家自然科学基金项目(51929301);国家自然科学基金项目(51673003);北京学者项目(RCQJ20303)

Preparation and properties of poly(lactic acid)/ZnO fiber with antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet functions

ZHU Yanlong1,2, GU Yingshu1,2, GU Xiaoxia1,2, DONG Zhenfeng1,2, WANG Bin1,2, ZHANG Xiuqin1,2()   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2021-06-30 Revised:2022-01-25 Published:2022-08-15 Online:2022-08-24
  • Contact: ZHANG Xiuqin

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摘要：

为赋予聚乳酸(PLA)纤维高效的防紫外线性能和抗菌性能,以ZnO为功能粒子,采用熔融共混法制备了不同质量配比的PLA/ZnO共混物,对共混物的形貌结构、热性能、防紫外线性能和抗菌性能进行表征,选用最佳质量配比的共混物进行熔融纺丝制备PLA/ZnO纤维。结果表明:当ZnO母粒质量分数为5％时(ZnO质量分数为0.85％),ZnO粒子在PLA基体中分布均匀,PLA/ZnO共混物热稳定性较好,防紫外线和抗菌性能优异,紫外线防护系数达到663,且对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率在99％以上;该比例的共混物具有良好的可纺性,制得的PLA/ZnO纤维的结晶度达30％以上,纤维的强度符合织造要求,制备的PLA/ZnO织物紫外线透过率低于30％,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率也高达99％,且织物水洗10次后抑菌率不变。

关键词: 功能性纤维, 聚乳酸纤维, 氧化锌, 共混改性, 抗菌性能, 防紫外线性能, 熔融纺丝

Abstract:

In order to endow poly(lactic acid)( PLA ) fiber with high anti-ultraviolet and antibacterial properties, PLA/ZnO blends with different mass ratios were prepared via melt blending method applying ZnO as functional particles. According to the morphology, thermal properties, anti-ultraviolet and antibacterial properties of the blends, the optimal mass ratio of the blend was chosen which was further fabricated into PLA/ZnO fiber through melt spinning. When the mass fraction of ZnO masterbatch was 5％ with the mass fraction of ZnO being 0.85％, ZnO particles were uniformly distributed in the PLA matrix. The PLA/ZnO blend exhibited good thermal stability, excellent anti\|ultraviolet and antibacterial properties. The ultraviolet protection coefficient reached 663, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was more than 99％. Moreover, the PLA/ZnO blend fiber showed good spinnability with crystallinity reaching more than 30％ and the fiber strength meeting the weaving requirements. The ultraviolet transmittance of the prepared PLA/ZnO fabric is less than 30％, and its antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is as high as 99％, which can also be maintained after 10 washes.

Key words: functional fiber, poly(lactic acid) fiber, zinc oxide, blending modification, antibacterial property, anti-ultraviolet property, melt spinning

中图分类号: 

  • TQ316.67

表1

纯PLA及其共混物的不同配料比例"

样品编号 PLA质量分数 ZnO母粒质量分数
PLA 100 0
PLA/ZnO–3 97 3
PLA/ZnO–5 95 5
PLA/ZnO–10 90 10

图1

PLA/ZnO纤维与织物"

图2

纯PLA及其共混物截面的扫描电镜照片"

图3

纯PLA及其共混物的DSC曲线"

图4

纯PLA及其共混物的热重曲线"

图5

纯PLA及PLA/ZnO膜的紫外线透过率曲线"

表2

纯PLA及PLA/ZnO膜的防紫外线性能"

样品编号 平均UVA
透过率/％		 平均UVB
透过率/％		 UPF
平均值
PLA 83.80 65.32 1.43
PLA/ZnO–3 7.98 0.40 137
PLA/ZnO–5 2.45 0.06 663
PLA/ZnO–10 2.78 0.06 601

表3

纯PLA及PLA/ZnO膜的抗菌性能"

样品编号 抑菌率/％
对大肠杆菌 对金黄色葡萄球菌
PLA 29 54
PLA/ZnO–3 29 46
PLA/ZnO–5 >99 >99
PLA/ZnO–10 >99 >99

图6

纤维的二维WAXS图和一维衍射曲线"

表4

纤维的力学性能数据"

纤维名称 断裂强度/(cN·dtex–1) 断裂伸长率/％
PLA 3.4±0.1 23.9±1.5
PLA/ZnO–5 2.8±0.1 26.5±1.3

图7

织物的紫外线透过率曲线"

图8

织物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能"

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