丝素蛋白多级结构的自组装机制及其重构材料研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240306702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

丝素蛋白是构成蚕丝的主要成分之一,具有独特的多级结构和自组装特性,赋予蚕丝优异的力学性能。综述了目前提出的蚕丝纤维结构模型,总结了丝素蛋白的排列方式和自组装机制,探讨了丝素蛋白结构对其宏观性能的影响方式,为探索丝素蛋白材料功能化和性能提升的新途径提供参考。详述了由五级结构模型启发的多级结构分级调控机制,总结了各层级结构对蚕丝基材料力学性能的影响。基于结构调控的丝素蛋白基功能材料在生物医药、储能、环境科学等领域的应用实现了突破,针对丝素蛋白材料缺乏大规模生产和应用的问题,提出其在新兴学科领域的发展潜力和可能面临的挑战,为天然蛋白质材料的多元化和产业化应用提供新思路。

关键词: 丝素蛋白, 结构模型, 自组装, 结构调控, 功能材料

Abstract:

Significance Silk fibroin is the main component of silk, with unique hierarchical structure and self-assembly properties, which endow silk with excellent mechanical properties. This paper reviews the currently proposed fiber structure models of silk, summarizes the arrangement and self-assembly mechanism of silk fibroin, and explores the ways in which the structure of silk fibroin affects their macroscopic properties, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for exploring new ways to functionalize and enhance the properties of silk fibroin materials. The hierarchical structure regulation mechanism inspired by the five-level structure model is detailed, and the influence of each hierarchical structure on the mechanical properties of silk-based materials is summarized. The structure-regulation-based silk fibroin-based functional materials have achieved breakthroughs in applications in biomedicine, energy storage, environmental science, etc. Aiming at the lack of large-scale production and application of silk fibroin materials, this study propose their development potential and possible challenges in emerging disciplines, and provide new ideas for the diversified and industrialized applications of natural protein materials.

Progress In order to delve into the reasons behind the superior properties of silk fibroin and to achieve the diversified development of silk fibroin materials in various fields, exploring the structure of silk fibroin is indispensable. Many researchers have conducted in-depth analysis of the structure of natural silk and proposed a variety of structural models. The amyloid fibril-like model reveals a basic pathway for the formation of silk fibroin. The cylindrical fibril model, hierarchical network model, plate-segment structure model, micellar model, bulk network model, and nano-fishnet model have all explored the reasons for the excellent toughness and fracture resistance of silk fibers from different aspects. Among them, the nano-fishnet model is currently a more complete and theoretically and practically consistent structural model. There is also a hierarchical structural regulation mechanism inspired by the five-level structural model, which summarizes the impact of each hierarchical structure on the mechanical properties of silk-based materials. The self-assembly mechanism of silk fibroin describes the process by which silk fibroin spontaneously forms an ordered structure from the solution state through self-interaction. Many self-assembly mechanisms of silk fibroin have been proposed to explain this process, but the specific process has not yet reached a unified consensus among researchers. With the deepening of research on silk fibroin structural models and self-assembly mechanisms, and the continuous deepening of understanding of the structure of silk fibroin, more and more researchers have begun to develop breakthroughs in the fields of biomedicine, energy storage, and environmental science by structurally regulating silk fibroin.

Conclusion and Prospect Silk, a conventional textile material with a long and storied history, continues to shine in many emerging fields today, thanks to researchers' ongoing exploration of its structure and properties using increasingly sophisticated scientific and technological methods. The gradually refined silk fiber structural model has laid the groundwork for an in-depth analysis of the microstructure and formation process of silk, while the continuously updated mechanisms of silk fibroin self-assembly offer ways to regulate the structure and properties of silk materials. The inherent properties of silk fibroin may not always meet the demands of everyday applications, but structurally re-engineered silk fibroin materials have already achieved significant research progress in fields such as biomedicine, energy storage, and environmental protection. However, the instability and insufficient functionality of silk fibroin materials have yet to be overcome, hindering their further market application. Ultimately, solving this problem requires a deep refinement of the self-assembly theory of silk fibroin and precise control of the microstructure of silk fibroin to fully achieve the targeted functionalization of silk materials. In the future, with more basic research and technological innovation, silk fibroin is expected to drive technological innovation in more fields, achieve market application in cutting-edge industries, and open up new application scenarios.

Key words: silk fibroin, structural modeling, self-assembly, structural regulation, functional material

中图分类号:

TS141.8

罗欣, 王磊, 王筱悠, 伍韬, 张贞贞, 张一帆. 丝素蛋白多级结构的自组装机制及其重构材料研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(03): 225-235.

LUO Xin, WANG Lei, WANG Xiaoyou, WU Tao, ZHANG Zhenzhen, ZHANG Yifan. Advances in self-assembly mechanism of hierarchical structures and their reconstructed materials[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 225-235.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240306702

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I03/225

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