纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (04): 235-243.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240306802

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭在印染废水处理中的应用研究进展

金汝诗1,2, 陈万明3, 刘国金1,2, 刘承海2, 戚栋明1,2, 翟世民1()   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 先进纺织材料与制备技术教育部重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.现代纺织技术创新中心(鉴湖实验室), 浙江 绍兴 312000
    3.浙江灏宇科技有限公司, 浙江 绍兴 312000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 翟世民(1991—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为固废资源化及印染废水处理。E-mail:zsm021616@163.com。
  • 作者简介:金汝诗(1999—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为固废资源化及印染废水处理。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江理工大学科研启动项目(22202008-Y);浙江省现代纺织技术创新中心定向项目(ZCLTGS24B0701);浙江理工大学优秀博士专项(11150131721905)

Application progress in biochars in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

JIN Rushi1,2, CHEN Wanming3, LIU Guojin1,2, LIU Chenghai2, QI Dongming1,2, ZHAI Shimin1()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology(Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
    3. Zhejiang Haoyu Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
  • Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2025-01-02 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-06-11

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摘要：

将废弃生物质制备为生物炭,用于印染废水处理,可实现废弃生物质的资源化利用,并降低印染废水的处理成本,应用潜力巨大。为提升生物炭在印染废水处理中的应用性能,以生物炭对印染废水中典型污染物的去除为切入点,总结了生物炭材料在印染废水处理方面的去除机制和最新研究进展。针对当前生物炭产品存在的理化参数差异大、生物炭对印染废水中典型污染物针对性差和生物炭吸附后易产生固废污染等问题,提出建立生物炭产品的制备标准、根据印染废水中污染物特点调节官能团和孔道结构、开发可吸附-脱附的复合生物炭材料等策略,以期为生物炭在印染废水处理中的应用和研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 废弃生物质, 生物炭, 功能改性, 印染废水, 废水处理, 吸附-脱附

Abstract:

Significance Biochar materials were pyrolyzed from waste biomass with little or no oxygen. Due to their large specific surface area, controllable porous structure and stable chemical properties, biochar materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers in the field of agricultural soil remediation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, water pollution control and capacitor preparation. The application of biochars deriving from residual biomass in the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment can not only realize the resource utilization of waste biomass, but also decrease the costs of wastewater treatment. At the same time, the waste biomass utilization and the fixing effects for carbon elements can solve the problem of shortage of fossil resources, and help achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality”. The application of biochar in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater fit the idea of green development, which is one of the hot points of current research.

Progress To improve the application performances of biochar in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment, the recent research progress in biochars and their removal mechanism for typical pollutants were reviewed and summarized. The influences of activation-modification process for biochar on the treatment effects and regeneration capacity were discussed. Moreover, to the existing problems (such as the wide difference between biochars, poor pertinence of biochar for typical pollutants in printing and dyeing wastewater, and difficult regeneration of biochar after adsorption), the strategies such as establishing standard for biochar products, modifying biochar through functional group and pore structure, and developing composite biochar materials with adsorption-desorption ability were proposed in this paper.

Conclusion and Prospect The application of biochar prepared from waste biomass in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater, as a beneficial supplement to activated carbon, is beneficial for the environmental protection. However, some key problems still persist, such as the wide difference between biochars, poor pertinence of biochar for typical pollutants in printing and dyeing wastewater, and difficult regeneration of biochar after adsorption. How to regulate the adsorption properties of biochars and to achieve low-cost regeneration of biochar after adsorption are the key problems chanllenging large-scale application of biochar in wastewater treatment. From this review, it is hoped to improve the foundamental understanding for application and research of biochar materials in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment.

Key words: waste biomass, biochar, functional modification, printing and dyeing wastewater, wastewater treatment, adsorption-desorption

中图分类号: 

  • TQ325

图1

生物炭吸附机制图 注:pHpzc代表零电荷点。"

图2

生物炭的活化与改性流程图"

表1

生物炭的改性方法、理化性质及其对印染废水中污染物的去除"

改性/活化
方法		 原料 热解温
度/℃		 比表面积/
(m2·g-1)		 最佳处理效
果pH值		 目标污
染物		 去除量/
(mg·g-1)		 去除机制 文献
蒸汽活化 蘑菇底物 800 322.0 6~10 结晶紫 1 057.0 孔隙填充,氢键、
静电相互作用		 [25]
KOH活化 软木 750 2 865.0 — 亚甲基蓝 1 103.7 孔隙填充,静电吸引、
氢键和π-π相互作用		 [26]
KOH活化 胶渣 700 860.5 — Cr(Ⅵ) — — [27]
HCl活化 85.9 — —
ZnCl2活化 694.0 325.5 静电相互作用,表面官
能团络合,孔隙填充
H3PO4活化 棉纺废料 500 1 498.0 6~8 亚甲基蓝 240 孔隙填充,π-π相
互作用,静电吸引		 [28]
H3PO4活化 桉树废料 500 1 265.6 — Cr(Ⅵ) 235.0 — [29]
H3PO4活化+
氮掺杂		 1 654.4 2 260.0 孔隙填充、还原
Cr(Ⅵ)、静电吸引
K2CO3活化+
氮参杂		 废玉米芯 900 2 745.4 — 罗丹明B 1 630.7 氢键、静电吸引和
π-π相互作用		 [30]
刚果红 1 766.2
NaOH活化+
硫掺杂		 平菇废料 500 47.6 7 Cd(Ⅱ) 56.0 离子交换,表面
络合作用		 [31]
磷掺杂 竹材 550 156.0 — Cd(Ⅱ) 287.0 络合反应,
沉淀反应		 [32]
TiO2-Ag负载 竹片 500 51.7 — 亚甲基蓝 — 光催化降解 [33]
十二烷基苯磺
酸改性+磁化		 木屑粉末 550 506.3 6 罗丹明B 367.7 孔隙填充,静电吸引,
氢键,表面络合,疏
水和π-π相互作用		 [34]
月桂酸改性+
磁化		 花旗松 / 695.0 — 石油 3 000~11 000 疏水和π-π
相互作用		 [35]
/ 松针 800 — — 1,4-二噁烷 — 过硫酸盐活化体系 [36]
铁/氮掺杂 麦秆 800 362.5 7 酸性橙 100 过硫酸盐活化体系
CeO2负载 废纸,麦秆 500 59.0 2.5~6.5 活性红84 — 超声催化体系 [37]
铁掺杂 污泥 1 100 18.9 2~4 环丙沙星 — 类芬顿体系 [38]
TiO2负载 巨藻 400 — — 亚甲基蓝 74.3 光催化体系 [39]

表2

生物炭的再生方法与再生性能"

生物炭原料 改性方法 再生方法 目标处理物 循环次数 再生效率/% 参考文献
造纸厂污水污泥 蒸汽活化 300 ℃热分解再生 亚甲基蓝 3 85 [48]
美人蕉 — 热分解再生 镉 — — [49]
凤尾草 Fe修饰 NaOH作为解吸剂 As(Ⅲ) 5 27 [50]
棉秆 — HNO3作为解吸剂 Pb(Ⅱ) 3 85 [51]
椰壳 Fe/N改性 HCl作为解吸剂 罗丹明B — — [52]
香蕉皮 FeSO4改性 乙醇作为解吸剂 亚甲基蓝 5 75~80 [53]
有机污泥 — 类芬顿体系 亚甲基蓝 4 88 [54]
废核桃壳 负载TiO2 光催化体系 甲基橙 5 92 [55]
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