化学防护服内湿度调节装置的设计与性能评价

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241100901

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化学防护服通过隔绝人体与外界环境提供防护,但其特殊的面料结构往往导致作业者在穿着时面临较差的热湿舒适性。针对防化服热湿舒适性较差的问题,基于干湿气体交换原理,设计并开发一种外置式湿度调节装置。采用人体穿着试验开展该湿度调节装置在改善防化服热湿舒适性方面的评价研究,对比分析受试者穿着配备外置式湿度调节装置的试验防化服与对照防化服的衣下空气层温湿度、人体皮肤温度和主观感觉参数,从客观和主观2个方面评价配备该湿度调节装置的防化服在热湿舒适性方面的表现。试验结果表明,配备湿度调节装置的试验防化服能够在不同阶段有效降低衣下空气层相对湿度20%~40%,整体相对湿度能够维持在70%左右。主观评价试验中,穿着试验防化服的受试者反馈其整体湿感觉显著降低。此外,试验防化服对衣下空气层温度及皮肤温度亦具有一定的降低作用,主观评价显示其在调节人体的整体冷热感觉方面表现良好。

关键词: 衣内微环境, 湿度调节装置, 防化服, 热湿舒适性, 功能性服装

Abstract:

Objective Chemical protective suit functions as a critical barrier that separates the human body from the external environment, thereby ensuring human safety. Designed with specialized isolating materials and a one-piece construction, this type of suit significantly hinders the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface and restricts heat exchange between the interior and exterior. Consequently, this design often leads to inadequate thermal and humid comfort levels for the wearer. In ordert to address this challenge, a novel method aimed at optimizing the thermal comfort of chemical protective suit has been developed. This involves the design and fabrication of an external wearable humidity regulator intended to enhance thermal and humid comfort by reducing the humidity within the air layer of the suit.
Methods The proposed design strategy is grounded on the principles of dry and wet gas exchange. The external humidity regulator operates based on the dehumidification mechanism of desiccant. For this purpose, a composite desiccant formulation comprising two units of calcium chloride and two units of 4A molecular sieve was employed. In oder to assess the efficacy of the device, an artificial climate chamber was utilized to replicate the actual working conditions experienced by users of chemical protective suit. Eight subjects were instructed to wear both control chemical protective suit and the experimental suit equipped with the humidity regulatory for a duration of 35 min. The thermal and humid comfort performance of the experimental suit was evaluated through both objective measurements and subjective assessments.
Results The experimental chemical protective suit equipped with integrated external humidity regulation manifested a notable improvement in thermal and humid comfort in contrast to the control chemical protective suit. Specifically, in the torso area, the external wear humidity regulator presented a more stable performance, reducing the relative humidity of the air layer under the regulating by approximately 30% on average. In the extremities, the device was capable of effectively lowering the relative humidity of the air layer under the suit to within the range of 20%-40%. This dehumidification effect significantly augmented the comfort of the wearer when using chemical protective suit. It is noteworthy that throughout the entire experiment, the relative humidity of the experimental group was maintained at or below 70% on average, which was conspicuously superior to that of the control group. Additionally, the integrated external humidity regulator not only effectively decreased the relative humidity of the air layer under the regulatory but also exerted a positive influence on the wearer's body skin temperature and the temperature of the air layer under the regulator. At the end of the experiment, the average temperature difference of the air layer in the experimental group was approximately 2.5 ℃ lower than that in the control group, and the average skin temperature difference was about 1 ℃ lower, signifying that the protective suit had a significant impact on regulating the body heat load. Concerning the subjective assessment, participants generally stated that the perceived humidity was significantly reduced when wearing protective suit with integrated external humidity regulator, and the subjective value of the overall wet sensation was reduced by approximately 0.5 on average, suggesting that the wearer was more content with the improvement measures. Simultaneously, participants also offered positive feedback on the overall feeling of cold and hot after wearing, and the average overall subjective evaluation value of cold and hot decreased by approximately 0.8.
Conclusion The utilization of calcium chloride and 4A molecular sieve as desiccant external humidity regulator is effective and feasible. This externall humidity regulator offers an innovative solution for optimizing thermal and humid comfort in chemical protective suit, significantly enhancing comfort in the working environment.

Key words: suit microenvironment, humidity regulator, chemical protective suit, thermal and humid comfort, functional suit

中图分类号:

TS941.73

杨琪, 周晓钰, 季静, 戴宏钦. 化学防护服内湿度调节装置的设计与性能评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(05): 262-269.

YANG Qi, ZHOU Xiaoyu, JI Jing, DAI Hongqin. Design and performance evaluation of humidity regulator in chemical protective suit[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(05): 262-269.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241100901

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I05/262

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参考文献 14

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干燥剂类型	常见产品	温度/ ℃	不同相对湿度下吸湿率/%				优点	缺点
干燥剂类型	常见产品	温度/ ℃	20%	40%	50%	90%	优点	缺点
硅胶	A型硅胶	25±2	7	—	20	30	吸湿性能稳定,多用于药品、食品干燥	成本较高,难降解,环境不友好
蒙脱石	蒙脱石	25±2	17	19	—	—	价格低廉,无毒无味	吸湿时体积膨胀
分子筛	4A分子筛	25±2	17	19	—	—	吸湿速率快,热稳定性强	忌油和液态水
纤维	覆膜纤维干燥剂片	25±2	8	—	20	70	无毒安全,不占空间,可降解,绿色环保	价格较高
生石灰	袋装生石灰干燥剂	38±2	—	—	—	30	价格低廉	遇水放热且体积膨胀
复合	氯化钙、氯化镁等	25±2	—	—	—	150	吸湿性能稳定,价格低廉	吸湿后会形成结晶或溶液

试验阶段	试验时间/ min	试验强度	跑步机速度/ (km·h^-1)
第1阶段	10	低强度	3
第2阶段	15	中强度	5
第3阶段	10	低强度	3

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