Journal of Textile Research ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 112-120.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190402809

• Dyeing and Finishing & Chemicals • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and characterization of flame retardant and antibacterial cotton fabric

ZHOU Qingqing1,2, CHEN Jiayi2, QI Zhenming2, CHEN Weijian2, SHAO Jianzhong1   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. College of Textiles and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
  • Received:2019-04-05 Revised:2019-12-12 Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-02

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Abstract:

In order to enable the fabrics with multi-functions and solve the problem of uniformity of nano-materials on the surface of fabrics, ammonium phytate was synthesized from phytic acid and melamine, which were economically and environmentally friendly and hence widely used. The flame-retardant property of the fabric was endowed with ammonium phytate and in-situ growth of nano-silver on the surface of flame-retardant fabrics to prepare flame-retardant and anti-bacterial multi-functional textiles. The flame retardant and antimicrobial finishing processes of fabrics were optimized by orthogonal test analysis. The fabrics were characterized by infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The results show that the limiting oxygen index of the fabric reaches more than 35% after two-dip and two-roll finishing with ammonium phytate salt, and the washing resistance of the fabric is shown possible to be improved. The flame-retardant fabrics have good bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by in situ growth of nano silver. The surface of the finished fabric became rough and contains P, N and Ag, which indicates that ammonium phytate and Ag nanoparticles uniformed distribution are successfully grafted on the surface of the fabric. Finishing agent(PA-N, PA-N-Ag) have a certain effect on the formation of carbon layer on the surface of fabrics, and the amount of charcoal slag after burning is 27% higher than that of the original fabrics.

Key words: ammonium phytate, nano-Ag, flame retardant finishing, antibacterial finishing, in-situ growth, function finishing of cotton fabric

CLC Number: 

  • TS195

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of PA-N reaction"

Tab.1

Factors and levels of flame retardant finishing"

水平 A
植酸铵盐
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 B
双氰胺
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 C
焙烘
温度/℃		 D
焙烘
时间/
min
1 5 10 160 3
2 15 20 180 2
3 25 30 200 1

Tab.2

Factors and levels of antibacterial finishing"

水平 A
硝酸银
溶液体积/mL		 B
氨水体积/
mL		 C
柠檬酸
三钠体积/mL		 D
时间/
h
1 10 3 5 0.5
2 15 7 10 1.0
3 20 10 10 1.5

Fig.2

Infrared spectra of PA、PA-N、MM"

Tab.3

Analysis of orthogonal test results of flame-retardant finishing of fabrics"

试验号 A
植酸铵盐
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 B
双氰胺
质量浓度/
(g·L-1)		 C
焙烘
温度/
℃		 D
焙烘
时间/
min		 极限氧
指数/%
1 5 10 160 1 23
2 5 20 180 2 27
3 5 30 200 3 20
4 15 10 180 3 24
5 15 20 200 1 40
6 15 30 160 2 25
7 25 30 200 2 32
8 25 10 160 3 25
9 25 20 180 1 37
k1 23.33 24.00 24.33 33.33
k2 29.67 34.67 29.33 28.00
k3 31.33 25.67 30.66 23.00
极差 8.00 10.67 6.33 10.33

Tab.4

Analysis of orthogonal test results of antibacterial finishing of fabrics"

试验
号		 A
硝酸
银溶液
体积/mL		 B
氨水
体积/mL		 C
柠檬
酸三钠
体积/mL		 D
时间/
h		 质量
增加率/
%
1 10 3 5 0.5 0.33
2 10 7 10 1.0 0.11
3 10 10 15 1.5 1.43
4 15 3 15 1.5 1.06
5 15 7 10 0.5 1.28
6 15 10 15 1.0 0.46
7 20 10 5 1.0 0.31
8 20 3 10 1.5 0.11
9 20 7 2 0.5 0.09
k1 0.61 0.57 0.30 0.57
k2 0.93 0.50 0.42 0.63
k3 0.17 0.66 1.01 0.87
极差 0.76 0.16 0.71 0.30

Tab.5

Limit oxygen index of fabrics"

整理织物 织物水洗前后的极限氧指数/%
水洗前 洗1次 洗5次 洗10次
原织物 19 18 18 18
PA 32 21 18 18
PA-N 38 35 30 28
PA-N-Ag 33 29 27 25

Tab.6

Data for vertical combustion experiments of fabrics"

整理
织物		 水洗
次数		 续燃
时间/s		 阴燃
时间/s		 碳长/
cm
PA 0 0 0 7.5
PA-N 0 0 0 5.6
0 0 0 6.0
PA-N-Ag 1 0 0 6.8
5 0.8 0 8.2
10 2.6 0 10.3

Fig.3

Infrared spectra of different finished fabrics"

Fig.4

Antimicrobial diagram of different fabrics. (a) Antibacterial effect of original fabric with escherichia; (b) Antibacterial effect of original fabric with aureus;(c) Antibacterial effect of fabric with escherichia before washed;(d) Antibacterial effect of fabric with escherichia after washed 10 times;(e) Antibacterial effect of fabric with aureus before washed;(f) Antibacterial effect of fabric with aureus after washed 10 times"

Fig.5

Party EDX and SEM of original fabric (×15 000). (a) SEM image; (b)C elements; (c)O elements"

Fig.6

Party EDX and ESM of PA fabric (×15 000). (a) SEM image; (b)C elements; (c)O elements; (d)P elements"

Fig.7

Party EDX and ESM of PA-N fabric(×15 000). (a) SEM image; (b)C elements(c)O elements(d)P elements"

Fig.8

Party EDX and ESM of PA-N-Ag fabric(×15 000); (a) SEM image; (b)C elements; (c)O elements; (d)P elements"

Fig.9

SEM image of different fabrics. (a)Original before combustion(×10 000);(b)Original after combustion(×2 000);(c)PA before combustion(×10 000);(d)PA after combustion(×10 000);(e)PA-N before combustion(×10 000);(f)PA-N after combustion(×10 000);(g)PA-N-Ag before combustion(×10 000);(h)PA-N-Ag after combustion(×10 000)"

Fig.10

XRD of different fabrics before and after combustion. (a) Before combustion; (b) After combustion"

Fig.11

TG (a) and DTG (b) spectra of fabrics"

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