Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 109-117.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231200801

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of shear deformation on principal permeability and infiltration characteristics of anisotropic fabrics

WANG Jue1, YAN Shilin1, LI Yongjing1(), HE Longfei2, XIE Xiangyu1, MENG Xiaoxu1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
    2. College of Environment Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
  • Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-05-02 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-31
  • Contact: LI Yongjing E-mail:whutliyongjing@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective Based on the resin transfer molding process, Shear deformation will change the fabric structure, which directly reduced the fiber bundle spacing and porosity and affected the permeability and main permeability direction of the fabric. In order to ascertain the governing principles. the effect of shear deformation on the principal permeability component of anisotropic fiber fabrics, permeability anisotropy, principal permeability direction, inlet pressure, and the time required for filling and infiltration is investigated to lay the foun-dation for practical applications and verified with numerical simulations.

Method An experimental measurement system for the radial flow of a low-viscosity liquid (corn oil) under constant flow conditions was designed and set up using a plain glass woven fabric (fabric face density of 0.482 kg/m2 and glass fibric density of 2 500 kg/m3. The warp and weft yarn density was 1 105 tex,while the warp density was 30 pieces/(10 cm) and the weft density was 22 pieces/(10 cm)) with rectangular pores. The principal permeability component was obtained using the permeability formula for anisotropic fabrics and the inlet pressure change was recorded by the pressure transducer in the process of filling and infiltration.

Result As the shear angle was increased from 0° to 30°, the internal porosity of the fabric was decreased and the fiber volume fraction was increased. At shear angles between 10°-20°, the fiber volume fractions obtained from the theoretical equations were basically the same as the experimental values; while at the shear angle of 30°, the theoretically predicted fiber volume fraction was about 0.8% higher than the experimentally tested value. With the increase of the shear angle, the magnitude of the principal permeability K1 and K2 showed a significant decreasing trend, in which K1 decreased from 20.20 × 10-10 m2 to 11.44 × 10-10 m2 and K2 from 16.1 × 10-10 m2 to 6.31 × 10-10 m2, the degree of anisotropy of the fiber fabric increased by 1.6% and 12.0%, and the anisotropy of the fabric was increased by 1.6%, 12.0%, and 44.8%. The direction angle of the principal permeability was decreased by about 29°, 39°, and 46°. At shear angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°, the time required for the elliptical flow front to fill and infiltrate along the long axis is 39.0, 37.0, 36.0, and 32.0 s, respectively, and the time required for the fabric to be completely filled and infiltrated is 45.0, 48.0, 49.0, and 54.0 s, with the maximum values of the inlet pressures being 23.2, 30.0, 33.0, and 38.9 kPa, respectively. Comparing the different inlet pressure curves, the length of the long and short axes of the flow front, and the contour of the flow front obtained from the experimental and numerical simulations were in excellent agreement, and the time error of long axis full infiltration was 4.0%. the total wetting time error was 2.4%, the maximum inlet pressure error was 7.9%. The numerical simulation could accurately predict the change of inlet pressure during the filling and wetting process, and this method could be used to study the wetting characteristics of different fabrics after shear deformation.

Conclusion In radial flow experiments, an increased fiber volume fraction leads to a reduction in the principal permeability (K1, K2) of the fabric and alters both the anisotropy degree (K1/K2) and the orientation of the primary permeability. The fitting formula obtained from the experiments effectively predicts the direction of the principal permeability of the fabric after shear deformation, providing a solid foundation for subsequent investigations into changes in the directional principal permeability of the fabric. The augmentation of fiber volume fraction results in an elevation of inlet pressure and an increase in the time required for complete filling and infiltration of the fiber fabric during the liquid filling process, making the filling process more challenging. Numerical simulations offer a more economi-cally and conveniently prediction of the liquid filling and infiltration process in fiber fabrics. Subsequently, numerical simulations can serve as a basis for studying the wetting characteristics of different fiber fabrics.

Key words: resin transfer molding process (RTM), shear deformation, principal permeability, anisotropy of permeability, numerical simulation, glass fiber fabric

CLC Number: 

  • TB332

Fig.1

Plain fabric and structural form diagrams. (a) Plain fabric; (b) Plain fabric after shear deformation; (c) Structural form of plain fabric; (d) Structural form of plain fabric after shear deformation"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of radial flow experiment. (a) Main view; (b) Vertical view"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of flow front(a) and transformation(b)"

Tab.1

Experimental and theoretical values of fiber volume fraction after fabric shear deformation"

剪切角度α/(°) 纤维体积分数实验值 纤维体积分数理论值
0 0.430 0.430
10 0.438 0.437
20 0.460 0.458
30 0.492 0.496

Fig.4

Snap shots of infiltration at same moment for fabric with different shear angles"

Tab.2

Principal permeability K1, K2 and K1/K2 after fabric shear deformation"

剪切角度
α/(°)		 主渗透率
K1/m2		 主渗透率
K2/m2		 各向异性度
K1/K2
0 20.20×10-10 16.11×10-10 1.25
10 15.69×10-10 12.33×10-10 1.27
20 13.73×10-10 9.79×10-10 1.40
30 11.44×10-10 6.31×10-10 1.81

Fig.5

Comparison of principle permeability directions at different shear angles"

Fig.6

Direction of principal permeability at a shear angle of 15°"

Fig.7

Inlet pressure curves at different shear angles and filling time of long axis"

Fig.8

Schematic diagram of computational model"

Fig.9

Comparison of experimental and numerical simulated inlet pressure profiles"

Fig.10

Experimental and simulation comparison of long axis length and short axis length at different time"

Fig.11

Comparison of experimental and simulated flow fronts at different moments of time. (a) Experimental flow diagram; (b) Simulated flow diagram"

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