Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 187-196.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250103501

• Apparel Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Development of antibacterial seamless yoga clothes and its thermal-wet comfort based on bionic structure

XU Weihui, ZHU Tingting, WAN Ailan(), MA Pibo   

  1. Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
  • Received:2025-01-14 Revised:2025-06-26 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15
  • Contact: WAN Ailan E-mail:ailanwan@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective Because yoga clothing is close to the body and has limited air permeability, it is difficult for the material to transfer sweat. The warm and humid environment provides suitable conditions for bacterial growth. However, there are few studies on the bionic structure and antibacterial properties of yoga clothing. This research aims to develop antibacterial yoga clothing with functional divisions based on bioinspired structures.

Method Seamless yoga clothing was prepared with functional divisions using antibacterial spandex added with Ag+ as raw material. Fifteen types of single guide wet fabrics were designed based on the stems and leaves of Dishgyi. The effects of fabric structure, yarn type, thickness and hydrophobicity on antibacterial properties, thermal-moisture comfort and fabric density were discussed with five indexes of elastic recovery rate, air permeability, moisture permeability, thermal resistance and liquid water management ability as the research objects. According to the principle of ergonomics, a yoga clothing with functional divisions was designed, and its antibacterial and thermal properties were characterized.

Results 15 fabrics were woven based on bionic Dishgyi. Among them, the first twelve were used for the project vests, and the last three were benchmarck samples used for comparison. All the comparison samples were of weft flat needle structure. The test showed that the elastic recovery of the hexagonal convex-concave structure of the fabric was the best, which was up to 86.32%, and the air permeability of the strip-strip fabric sample was as high as 596 mm/s. The moisture permeability of 1+1 false rib-wavy honeycomb fabric sample was up to 7 870 g/(m2·d), the weft flat stitch 1×1 strip structure had the lowest thermal resistance and excellent heat dissipation, and the hexagonal convex and concave structure had the best water management ability. These highly distinctive fabrics were used to form various parts of the functional modular yoga wear. For example, in the shoulder area, the elastic misaligned striped-checkered structure was selected, and for areas prone to sweating on the chest and back, 1+1 false ribbed-wavy honeycomb tissue with good breathability, moisture permeability and strong water management ability were selected. A seamless yoga clothing with a single guide wet performance was compared with an ordinary yoga clothing. Participants wearing a seamless exercise yoga vest were asked to run on a treadmill for 15 minutes, and then to be stationary for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Antibacterial tests were carried out on the chest and back center which were the most sweaty areas. The seamless exercise yoga vest made of silver ion antibacterial spandex and hydrophobic nylon showed good overall antibacterial performance. With the increase of resting time, the antibacterial rate continues to increase, and the number of colonies increased from an average of 15 after 5 minutes of resting to 0 after 15 minutes of resting. The subject wore a seamless exercise yoga vest, jogged on the treadmill for 15 minutes, and then stood still for 15 minutes. The infrared imager recorded the temperature change of the human body surface, and stood still before pre-running. The red area of the subject vest was almost twice less than that of the control vest. With the increase of resting time, the red area decreases and the subject vest descended faster. The temperature of the chest center dropped faster after resting due to factors such as breast protrusion.

Conclusion The results showed that the prepared seamless yoga clothing with modular functions based on bioinspired structures had excellent antibacterial and thermal comfort. The body temperature was made to return to the pre-exercise temperature after 3 minutes of resting, and the antibacterial rate could reach 99.99% after 15 minutes.

Key words: bionic structure, antibacterial spandex, seamless yoga clothing, thermal-wet comfort, function modularization

CLC Number: 

  • TS186.3

Fig.1

Fabric moisture transfer model (a) and design ideas (b)"

Fig.2

Moisture transferring and wicking bionic fabric design. (a) Leaf and tissue diagram of Dishgyi; (b) Stem and tissue diagram of Dishgyi"

Tab.1

Surface-inner weave structure of double-sided knitted fabric"

组织
编号		 表层-里层组织结构 组织
编号		 表层-里层组织结构
1# 纬平针-纬平针组织 7# 芝麻点平针-波浪线方格组织
2# 1+1 假罗纹-波浪线蜂巢组织 8# 纬平针-1×1抽条组织
3# 纬平针-树皮组织 9# 纬平针-波浪线1×1抽条组织
4# 1+1 假罗纹-波浪线树皮组织 10# 抽条-抽条组织
5# 纬平针-蜂巢组织 11# 六边形凸点-凹点组织
6# 芝麻点平针-方格组织 12# 错位抽条-方格组织

Fig.3

12 type imitation knitted fabric weave"

Tab.2

Basic specification parameters of fabrics"

试样
编号		 横密/
(纵行·
(5 cm)-1)		 纵密/
(横列·
(5 cm)-1)		 总密度/
(圈·
(25 cm2)-1)		 面密度/
(g·m-2)		 厚度/
mm
1#-1 70 65 4 450 384 1.38
2#-2 78 73 5 694 412 1.36
3#-3 80 143 11 440 432 1.38
4#-4 80 75 6 000 444 1.52
5#-5 78 115 8 970 372 1.30
6#-6 83 75 6 225 340 1.35
7#-7 83 75 6 225 348 1.37
8#-8 90 128 11 475 360 1.40
9#-9 90 128 11 475 372 1.38
10#-10 58 165 9 570 320 1.41
11#-11 65 140 9 100 494 1.72
12#-12 85 160 13 600 443 1.59
1#-13 75 70 5 250 390 1.40
1#-14 70 65 4 450 384 1.38
1#-15 70 65 4 450 384 1.38

Fig.4

Front and back photos of 15 types biomimetic fabric"

Tab.3

Mechanical properties of polyamide fiber"

纱线 断裂强力/cN 伸长率/% 定伸长强度/(cN·dtex-1) 断裂强度/(cN·dtex-1) 弹性模量/(cN·dtex-1)
普通锦纶 315.2±2.50 22.06±4.65 10.3±1.53 40.5±2.47 215.0±2.34
疏水锦纶 366.3±3.70 31.00±5.00 10.5±6.69 47.1±3.69 250.1±2.99

Tab.4

Elastic recovery property of 15 types biomimetic fabric"

试样编号 弹性回复率/% 弹性回复率CV值/%
横向 纵向 横向 纵向
1#-1 80.01 73.44 1.77 1.17
2#-2 77.30 70.41 7.65 2.56
3#-3 78.23 71.10 0.73 3.80
4#-4 76.05 71.62 0.82 0.12
5#-5 77.34 70.77 3.80 3.30
6#-6 70.05 70.00 5.80 2.14
7#-7 69.38 68.03 1.80 2.45
8#-8 70.31 72.32 2.61 1.12
9#-9 68.03 63.68 0.91 3.61
10#-10 69.35 59.95 3.34 4.41
11#-11 86.32 77.35 3.43 2.81
12#-12 77.55 75.61 1.46 2.71
1#-13 72.91 73.75 1.12 0.32
1#-14 79.86 72.87 2.34 4.02
1#-15 79.91 73.11 3.19 1.27

Fig.5

Air permeability and moisture permeability of fabrics"

Tab.5

Fabric thermal resistance test"

试样
编号		 热阻/
(10-3 m2·K·W-1)		 传热系数/
(W·(m2·K)-1)		 克罗值/
clo
1#-1 33.6 29.76 0.216
2#-2 33.1 29.24 0.212
3#-3 33.5 30.16 0.213
4#-4 34.1 29.74 0.219
5#-5 31.7 31.57 0.204
6#-6 30.7 32.60 0.198
7#-7 30.5 32.61 0.199
8#-8 29.8 33.55 0.192
9#-9 32.4 30.83 0.209
10#-10 32.2 31.01 0.208
11#-11 43.5 23.04 0.280
12#-12 30.4 33.44 0.196
1#-13 34.7 28.59 0.222
1#-14 31.3 31.94 0.202
1#-15 30.5 32.61 0.197

Tab.6

Liquid moisture management capabilities of fabric samples"

试样
编号		 织物正
反面		 tJ/s VW/
(%·s-1)		 R/
mm		 tD/
(mm·s-1)		 O/%
1#-1 T 2.95 75.82 22.5 3.50 323.89
B 2.41 66.20 23.8 4.86
2#-2 T 5.10 64.05 23.0 3.69 280.37
B 2.55 50.99 23.0 3.72
3#-3 T 4.10 55.83 16.3 2.92 259.07
B 3.16 64.72 17.5 3.23
4#-4 T 3.55 53.20 15.0 2.55 261.76
B 3.05 69.27 16.3 3.16
5#-5 T 4.12 46.87 22.5 3.27 276.63
B 2.55 59.69 23.7 4.02
6#-6 T 5.11 61.06 23.0 3.48 279.30
B 3.59 46.25 23.0 3.68
7#-7 T 4.30 71.62 20.0 2.85 265.21
B 2.79 70.76 20.0 3.89
8#-8 T 4.40 59.76 23.0 2.84 271.10
B 3.51 75.60 24.0 4.76
9#-9 T 5.10 53.34 20.0 2.89 271.16
B 4.58 64.29 20.8 3.81
10#-10 T 4.21 53.61 18.5 2.66 265.40
B 2.15 62.22 20.0 4.08
11#-11 T 2.71 85.75 21.5 5.34 384.29
B 0.29 499.17 21.5 17.22
12#-12 T 4.28 25.23 7.0 1.02 306.78
B 0.20 47.74 21.0 21.43
1#-13 T 4.21 67.70 20.0 3.16 321.67
B 2.67 65.05 20.0 4.41
1#-14 T 1.00 52.00 23.0 6.70 182.70
B 1.50 44.20 23.0 5.30
1#-15 T 4.10 56.90 22.8 2.90 158.00
B 4.10 48.40 22.8 3.10

Fig.6

Structural partitioning design diagram of antimicrobial seamless yoga vest"

Fig.7

Sample clothes physical picture of antimicrobial seamless yoga vest. (a) Front view;(b)Side view; (c)Back view"

Fig.8

Antibacterial property at rest after exercise. (a) Antibacterial vest; (b) Control vest"

Fig.9

Infrared images of two kinds of vests before and after running for 15 min. (a) Wearing antibacterial yoga vest; (b)Wearing ordinary yoga vest"

Tab.7

Subjective evaluation of subjects"

受试人
编号		 背心 热感 湿感 黏感 着装舒
适感
A 抗菌 热 中 微黏 不适
普通 热 湿 极黏 极不适
B 抗菌 暖 微潮 不黏 舒适
普通 中 中 非常黏 不适
C 抗菌 暖 微潮 微黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 非常黏 不适
D 抗菌 中 微潮 微黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 极黏 极不适
E 抗菌 暖 微潮 不黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 非常黏 级不适
F 抗菌 中 中 非常黏 不适
普通 热 湿 极黏 极不适
G 抗菌 暖 微干 不黏 舒适
普通 暖 湿 微黏 不适
H 抗菌 中 微潮 不黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 非常黏 极不适
I 抗菌 暖 微潮 微黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 非常黏 极不适
J 抗菌 中 微干 不黏 舒适
普通 热 湿 极黏 不适
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