细菌纤维素及其复合材料的应用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250204002

Abstract

Abstract:

Significance Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a porous, mesh-like nano-scale biopolymer synthesized through microbial fermentation. Due to its high purity, zero calories and zero cholesterol content, BC has become a popular food additive for people with diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular conditions. With ongoing research, scientists have discovered that BC's high moisture absorption rate, moisture retention capacity, and biocompatibility make it highly suitable for use as a tissue material, such as artificial skin and wound dressings. With the rise of nanotechnology, BC has also become a representative of "green nanomaterials," as its three-dimensional nano-fiber structure endows it with excellent mechanical properties and a high specific surface area. Materials such as nano-fiber membranes, hydrogels, and aerogels made from BC demonstrate unique value in fields like environmental protection, energy, and electronics. Recently, composites made from BC have begun to show their unique advantages in new textiles, such as vegan leather and flexible wearable devices. However, BC application in the textile field is still under explored. Therefore, it is necessary to review and summarize the current research status of BC and its composites as textile materials, as well as the production and modification challenges faced in applications to promote its development in the textile industry.

Progress To better promote the development of BC composites, this article introduces the structural composition and application characteristics of BC, and analyzes in detail the application fields of its composites and the problems they face, aiming to provide structured knowledge for the application development of BC in the textile industry. We summarize the excellent properties of BC, including high purity, high modulus, high water retention and breathability, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and have collected a large amount of research data to analyze the application advantages and innovative achievements of these properties in packaging materials, new types of vegan leather, flexible wearable devices, medical textiles, and wastewater treatment, among others. Furthermore, we objectively analyze the existing problems in the preparation of BC composites and propose several solutions to promote the industrialization of BC materials. Currently, the low yield and high cost of BC are major challenges for large-scale application, which can be alleviated to some extent through genetic engineering, the use of additives, optimization of fermentation methods. In addition, we outline the issues of high difficulty in dissolution due to strong hydrogen bonding and poor reactivity due to dense structure, and summarize the techniques proposed by researchers to enhance performance through solvent swelling, physical stretching, and chemical modification. We hope this review will contribute to the large-scale production and industrialization of BC.

Conclusion and Prospect BC, as a natural biopolymer material produced by microbial fermentation, has demonstrated significant advantages in durability, renewability, multifunctionality, and customizability due to its unique nanofiber structure, excellent mechanical properties, and good biodegradability, meeting specific needs in various fields and scenarios, showcasing its powerful multifunctionality, and being an important component of the future green materials sector. Although BC meets the requirements of a sustainable economy to some extent, it still faces challenges for large-scale applications due to high production costs and low yields. Additionally, strong hydrogen bonding and processing difficulties caused by its dense structure are also obstacles that make large-scale production and commercialization of BC hard to overcome. Therefore, future research should focus on leveraging bioengineering and artificial intelligence technologies to further optimize processes, reduce BC costs, and make the preparation of its composites easier, thus promoting the application of bacterial cellulose in high-end textile products such as sustainable fibers, flexible wearables, and medical textiles.

Key words: bacterial cellulose, structural property, biomaterial, smart textiles, wastewater treatment, medical textiles

CLC Number:

TS102

JI Qiao, YU Qingyuan, ZHOU Aihui, MA Bomou, XU Jin, YUAN Jiugang. Research progress in application of bacterial cellulose composites[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(12): 243-250.

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URL: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/EN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250204002

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V46/I12/243

Figures/Tables 8

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References 53

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应用	添加剂	来源
抑菌抗菌	百里酚、盐酸四环素、苯扎氯氨	[23]
促进凝血	壳聚糖、胶原蛋白	[15]
加速愈合	纳米银、MXene(Ti₃C₂T_x)、积雪草酸	[24-26]

应用	制备方法	来源
伤口敷料	化学还原纳米Ag颗粒与BC键合,缓慢释放Ag⁺以执行抗菌作用	Axcelon公司
隐形眼镜	在BC表面涂布三甲氧基硅烷或壳聚糖,掺入环糊精以释放双氯芬酸钠或环丙沙星,制备完全透明隐形眼镜	[27]
载体材料	BC作为益生菌菌株的载体材料,固定在细菌纤维素纳米纤维(BCNF)中的嗜酸乳杆菌存活率为71.1	[28]
癌症治疗	BC与磁铁矿纳米颗粒制备的磁性材料具有更强的抗菌和细胞毒活性,对外周血单核细胞没有表现出任何细胞毒活性	[29]
生物传感	通过在BC上用丝网印刷碳电极制成的BC/SPCE电化学传感器,用于检测Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、尿酸和17β-雌二醇	[30]
药物递送	利用BC纳米纤维与聚丙烯酰胺制备水凝胶,可响应外部机械刺激,实现持续药物输送	[16]
神经修复	通过在BC表面原位聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,制备导电复合膜,将其制成神经导管,用于修复小鼠坐骨神经缺损	[31]
骨组织再生	通过在BC上层负载Ag纳米颗粒,下层涂有羟基磷灰石制备Ag/BC@HAp水凝胶,实现抗菌和促进骨再生性能的双面功能化	[32]

添加剂	在BC生长中的作用	来源
乙醇	改善三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的产生,促进葡萄糖激酶和果糖激酶的活性,抑制细菌的自发突变	[38]
维生素	刺激剂,增加细胞生长,提高BC产量	[38]
木质素磺酸盐	减少葡萄糖醛酸基低聚糖副产物的生成	[38]
琼脂	增加培养基相对黏度,阻碍大团BC形成	[39]
海藻酸钠	阻碍大块BC的形成	[40]
乳酸	增加稳态下的细菌数量和果糖消耗量	[3]
羧甲基纤维素	促进无序BC结构形成,降低结晶度	[3]

Research progress in application of bacterial cellulose composites

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