Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 55-64.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230804401

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Composite fiber felts based on photothermal modification and their application in high viscosity oil adsorption

LIU Yanbo1,2,3, GAO Xinyu1,2, HAO Ming1,2,3, HU Xiaodong1,2,3, YANG Bo1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
    3. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2023-08-19 Revised:2024-08-24 Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-12-30
  • Contact: YANG Bo E-mail:yboawtu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy and the increasingly serious oil pollution, efficient cleaning and recovery of crude oil become an important issue. However, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of crude oil, it is difficult for traditional oil-absorbing materials to deal with crude oil spills quickly and effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fiber felts with the ability to absorb high-viscosity oil.

Method Three-dimensional porous fiber felt (PET/PVDF) was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), reduced graphene oxide fiber felt (rGO-PET/PVDF) was prepared by in-situ reduction method, and carbon black fiber felt (CB-PET/PVDF) was prepared by hot bonding. The morphology, mechanical properties, photo-assisted heating and oil absorption properties of the three fiber felts were systematically analyzed and compared to explore the feasibility of viscous oil treatment.

Results The experimental results showed that the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF were three-dimensional porous structures, in which the holes and fiber surfaces of the rGO-PET/PVDF fiber felt were scattered with reduced graphene oxide particles, while the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was attached to the fiber surface under the action of PVDF hot melt adhesive. Due to the different preparation process and modified material characteristics, both the two fiber felts demionstrated thermal stability, favorable hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, mechanical properties, adsorption properties, but showed different photothermal properties. The porosities of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF fiber felts were 82.46% and 96.47%, respectively, and the thermal stability of the CB-PET/PVDF fiber felt was better. The water contact angles of the two were 154.5° and 125.9°, respectively, and the oil contact angle is 0°, showing strong hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. For the rGO-PET/PVDF filter, the maximum compressive stress corresponding to a single compression cycle was 119.20 kPa, while that for the CB-PET/PVDF fiter is 34.20 kPa, and the compressive stress of the rGO-PET/PVDF was higher. Moreover, the maximum compressive stress of the two did not decrease significantly after 100 compressions, and both showed good compression fatigue resistance. The adsorption rates of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF filters on organic solvents and oils (acetone, n-hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, petroleum ether, corn oil, crude oil, and silicone oil) were 3.79-21.42 g/g and 13.48-40.37 g/g, respectively, showing strong adsorption capacity. The rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF fiber felts demonstrated strong photothermal conversion ability, and the temperature was increased from room temperature to 107 ℃ and 122 ℃, respectively in three minutes. After heating silicone oil, the adsorption time of a drop of silicone oil with a room temperature viscosity of 9 000 mPa.s of the rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF filters decreased from 5 min and 10 min to less than 1min, and the adsorption rate of silicone oil was increased from 3.79 and 13.48 g/g to the presently 7.85 and 21.91 g/g at room temperature.

Conclusion Two photothermal modified fiber felts, rGO-PET/PVDF and CB-PET/PVDF, were prepared by in-situ reduction method and hot melt adhesive method. The rGO-PET/PVDF has better water repellency and better pressure resistance than the CB-PET/PVDF, and the CB-PET/PVDF has better thermal stability, photothermal heating performance and adsorption performance than the rGO-PET/PVDF. The difference in the properties of the two fiber felts is mainly caused by the differences in the preparation process and in the modified material characteristics. The in-situ reduction method used in the preparation of the rGO-PET/PVDF makes part of the pores of fiber felt occupied by reduced graphene oxide, which is the main reason for its lower porosity and worse adsorption performance. The CB-PET/PVDF was prepared by thermal adhesion, and the hydrophilic carbon black was attached to the fiber felt, occupying the binder between the fibers, which caused the reduction in the compressive stress and water contact angle. The two photothermal modified fiber felts have their own advantages and disadvantages in performance, which provides two feasible methods for viscous oil adsorption and cleaning with different requirements in different scenarios.

Key words: photothermal conversion, viscous oil adsorption, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, fiber felt, reduced graphene oxide, carbon black

CLC Number: 

  • TS104.76

Fig.1

Preparation progress of PET/PVDF and rGO-PET/PVDF composite fiber felts"

Fig.2

Scheme for preparation of CB-PET/PVDF composite fiber felt"

Fig.3

SEM images of composite fiber felts"

Fig.4

Diameter distribution of composite fiber felts"

Tab.1

Average diameter and porosity of composite fiber felts"

样品名称 平均直径/nm 孔隙率/%
PET/PVDF 11.01±2.59 89.82±2.26
rGO-PET/PVDF 13.39±3.63 82.46±3.09
CB-PET/PVDF 13.82±3.89 94.47±0.86

Fig.5

Roman spectra of GO-PET/PVDF and rGO-PET/PVDF composite fiber felts"

Fig.6

FT-IR spectra of composite fiber felts"

Fig.7

TG (a) and DTG (b) results of composite fiber felts"

Fig.8

Contact angle of composite fiber felts"

Fig.9

Mechanical property of composite fiber felts. (a) Compression-decompression curves; (b) PET/PVDF multiple compression cycle curves; (c) rGO-PET/PVDF multiple compression cycle curves;(b) CB-PET/PVDF multiple compression cycle curves"

Fig.10

Solar assisted heating of composite fiber felts"

Tab.2

Oil absorption rate of composite fiber felt g/g"

样品名称 丙酮 正己烷 三氯甲烷 二氯甲烷 甲苯 石油醚 玉米油 原油 硅油
PET/PVDF 15.44±0.66 11.58±1.86 39.78±5.39 36.12±2.88 17.47±3.54 12.80±1.74 20.11±1.52 27.73±6.87 13.28±0.91
rGO-PET/PVDF 10.30±0.98 7.94±1.18 21.42±4.31 17.54±4.94 14.15±2.25 9.45±1.83 15.58±2.99 16.46±3.01 3.79±0.90
CB-PET/PVDF 20.15±6.46 14.41±1.22 40.38±2.33 26.65±3.95 18.27±2.89 18.28±3.93 20.27±0.86 30.99±3.37 13.48±1.46

Fig.11

Curve of silicone oil viscosity with oil temperature"

Tab.3

Adsorption rate of composite fiber felt to different temperature silicone oil g/g"

样品名称 28.7 ℃ 40 ℃ 80 ℃ 120 ℃
PET/PVDF 13.28±0.91 14.61±3.19 21.27±3.06 21.45±2.78
rGO-PET/PVDF 3.79±0.90 5.46±1.60 7.86±0.93 7.85±1.65
CB-PET/PVDF 13.48±1.46 14.94±0.58 21.91±1.27 20.46±2.20

Fig.12

Silicone oil droplets on surface of composite fiber felts at room temperature (a) and 120 ℃ (b)"

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