Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 72-79.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240103001

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Electrically and thermally driven shape memory recovery behavior of fabric-reinforced composites

LIU Renyi1,2, YANG Qin1,2, SUN Baozhong1, GU Bohong1, ZHANG Wei1()   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Shanghai Composite Material Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201112, China
  • Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-09-13 Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-01-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Wei E-mail:weizhang@dhu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) can recover shape through electrical drive, but the driving voltage may be too high. Increasing the CF content in SMPCs can reduce the driving voltage and improve the mechanical properties. Woven fabrics have a regular structure and strong designability. The driving voltage can be reduced by increasing the CF content in the warp or weft direction while improving the mechanical properties and shape recovery performance. The aim is to meet the needs in areas such as space unfolding structures and adjustable medical stents.

Method Composite filaments were prepared by melt co-extrusion of continuous carbon fiber (CCF) with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) using a twin-screw extruder and woven into single-(sample-1), double-(sample-2) and triple-(sample-3) weft fabrics. SMPCs were prepared using a hot-pressing process. The thermomechanical properties of the SMPCs were evaluated to investigate the influence of structural parameters on the thermomechanical properties, and the shape recovery behavior was tested under a thermal and electrical drive to study the influence of structural parameters and different test conditions on the shape recovery behavior. The recovery force of SMPCs and their stability were investigated.

Results Compared with SMPU, the storage modulus of the three samples increased significantly. At 25 ℃, the storage modulus of sample-1, sample-2 and sample-3 were 4 244, 6 327 and 8 752 MPa, which were 2.20, 3.27 and 4.53 times higher than that of SMPU. The addition of CCF had no significant effect on the glass transition temperature of the composites. The recovery times of the three samples were 72, 58, and 52 s, respectively. The recovery ratios of the three samples were all above 98%. sample-3 had the fastest recovery speed because it has the most weft ends and the highest modulus of elasticity. In addition, the thermal conductivity of CCF was higher than that of the SMPU. Sample-3 has the highest CCF content, and it demonstrated the fastest internal warming rate, which accelerated the recovery speed. At 3 V, the recovery time of sample-1 was 88 s, and that of sample-2 and sample-3 was shortened by 12 s and 26 s, respectively. Among the three samples, sample-3 had the fastest recovery speed with the same loading time, and it showed the most rapid temperature increase during the recovery, reaching the final temperature of 65.4 ℃. Compared to sample-1, the fiber volume contents of sample-2 and sample-3 were increased by 1.42% and 2.92%, respectively, and the recovery time was accelerated by 13.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The recovery time of sample-3 at 6 V was 17 s, which was 72.6% shorter than that at 3 V. The results of the 20 tests indicated that the SMPCs have excellent cyclic recovery characteristics. The maximum recovery force of sample-3 was 1.8 N, which was 2.2 times that of sample-1. The weight of sample-3 was 2.37×10-2 N, and the recovery force was 75.9 times of its gravity. The recovery force of sample-3 was stable in ten repeated tests, indicating satisfactory stability of the recovery force performance of SMPCs.

Conclusion CCF can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and storage modulus of SMPCs. The shape recovery ratio is up to 98% under thermal drive. The shape recovery speed is accelerated with the increase of weft ends. At the same voltage, the recovery speed is faster for samples with more weft ends. The increase in voltage also significantly accelerated the shape recovery speed of SMPCs. The increase in weft ends also increased the recovery force of SMPCs. It is shown that an appropriate increase in the weft ends would enhance both the shape recovery ratio and the mechanical properties of SMPCs. The findings of this research provide a new idea for preparing high-strength high-stiffness SMPCs and their application in low voltage drives.

Key words: fabric-reinforced composite, shape memory polyurethane, thermal drive, electrical drive, recovery force, carbon fiber

CLC Number: 

  • TS101.2

Fig.1

Preparation process of shape memory composite sample"

Fig.2

Sample pictures. (a) Partial view of samples; (b) Sample for electric drive test"

Fig.3

Shape recovery process of composites"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of recovery force test of composites"

Fig.5

Cross-section images of composite filament"

Fig.6

Dynamic mechanical test results of SMPU and three kinds of samples. (a) Storage modulus-temperature curves; (b) Loss factor-temperature curves"

Fig.7

Shape recovery test results under thermal drive. (a) Shape recovery ratio-time curves at 80 ℃; (b) Shape fixed ratio and recovery ratio of sample 3# at different test times; (c) Shape recovery time and recovery ratio of sample 3# at different temperatures"

Fig.8

Shape recovery results for different samples at 3 V. (a) Shape recovery ratio-time curves; (b) Temperature-time curves during shape recovery"

Fig.9

Shape recovery results of 3# sample under different voltages and repeated tests. (a) Shape recovery ratio-time curve at 3 V; (b) Shape recovery results at different voltages; (c) Shape recovery results at different test times"

Fig.10

Recovery force-time curves of samples at 3 V"

Fig.11

Recovery force of 3# sample at 10 repeated tests"

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