Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (06): 160-167.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240901601

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Synthesis and properties of novel porous dispersed dye composite nanospheres

ZHANG Shuai1,2, WANG Jinkun1,2, FANG Kuanjun3(), MA Junzhi1,2, SONG Yan1,2   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China
    2. Innovation Research Institute of New Fibers and Functional Textiles, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China
    3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2025-03-03 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: FANG Kuanjun E-mail:13808980221@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective Disperse dye/polymer nanospheres, as an emerging class of nanopigments, exhibit superior self-curing capabilities and demonstrate broad applicability in dyeing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic textiles. To address the challenge of low dye loading capacity in conventional systems, this study reports on the synthesis of composite nanospheres using novel internally porous polymer nanospheres as carriers. These were subsequently employed to construct vibrant hydrophobic coatings on cotton fabric surfaces.

Method The morphological and physicochemical properties of porous composite nanospheres were systematically analyzed through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectro-scopy (XPS), and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the surface morphology, chromatic characteristics (quantified by K/S values), and hydrophobicity (evaluated via contact angle measurements) of coated cotton fabrics were investigated to elucidate the influence of coating layer numbers on performance enhancement.

Results Analysis of porous poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid) (PSBA) nanospheres revealed a direct correlation between toluene volume and pore architecture. While increasing toluene volume enlarged the internal pore size, pore size uniformity deteriorated significantly when the volume exceeded 10 mL. Dye adsorption studies demonstrated that Disperse Red 60 and Blue 60 loading capacities were maximized at intermediate pore sizes, with adsorption levels inversely linked to pore structural heterogeneity. Spectroscopic characterization confirmed successful dye incorporation. Distinct FT-IR absorption bands at 3 451, 3 298, and 1 270 cm-1 corresponded to amine, hydroxyl, and aryl ether functionalities, while XPS detected nitrogen signatures from dye molecules. Thermal analysis identified a glass transition temperature of 94.5 ℃ for disperse dye/porous poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid) (DPSBA) nanospheres, enabling effective film formation upon heating. Coating layer optimization studies revealed that increased spray layers enhanced film continuity on cotton fibers, with elevated curing temperatures further promoting structural consolidation. Hydrophobicity progressively improved with coating layers, achieving a maximum contact angle of 139.2°. Additionally, coated fabrics exhibited robust mechanical durability, with dry/wet rubbing fastness grades of 4-5 and 4, respectively, alongside a sunlight fastness grade of 7-8.

Conclusion This work successfully engineered internally porous disperse dye composite nanospheres and implemented ultrasonic spraying to fabricate multifunctional hydrophobic coatings on cotton textiles. The toluene volume serves as a critical modulator of PSBA nanosphere pore morphology, enabling tunable dye adsorption capacities. DPSBA nanospheres exhibit autonomous film-forming behavior, generating uniform coatings through thermal curing. The chromatic intensity and hydrophobicity scale positively with coating layers, achieving optimal performance at five-layer deposition. The resultant coatings demonstrate exceptional fastness properties, meeting practical durability requirements. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for expanding disperse dye applications in textile functionalization.

Key words: disperse dye, porous structure, polymer nanosphere, color coating, coated fabric, curable film-forming

CLC Number: 

  • TS193

Fig.1

TEM images of porous PSBA nanospheres in different toluene volumes"

Fig.2

Dye loading of different porous PSBA nanospheres. (a) Disperse Red 60; (b) Disperse Blue 60"

Fig.3

FT-IR (a) and XPS (b) spectra of PSBA and DPSBA(DR60)"

Fig.4

DSC curve of DPSBA(DR60) nanospheres"

Tab.1

Color parameters of coated cotton fabrics with different number of layers"

层数 L* a* b* C* K/S值
0 90.71 0.06 2.20 2.20 0.03
1 72.06 35.76 -3.70 35.95 0.92
2 65.02 47.10 -1.53 47.13 2.00
3 59.07 54.31 1.25 54.32 3.64
4 56.87 56.93 3.16 57.01 4.71
5 55.52 58.21 5.05 58.43 5.39

Fig.5

SEM images of coated cotton fabrics with different baking temperature and number of layers. (a) 1 layer at 80 ℃; (b) 3 layers at 80 ℃; (c) 5 layers at 80 ℃; (d) 1 layer at 120 ℃; (e) 3 layers at 120 ℃; (f) 5 layers at 120 ℃"

Tab.2

Water contact angle of cotton fabrics coated with different number of layers"

涂层数 水接触角/(°)
0 0
1 70.4
2 122.4
3 131.5
4 134.4
5 139.2

Tab.3

Physical properties of cotton fabric before and after coating treatment"

样品名称 透气率/
(mm·s-1)		 透湿率/
(g·(m2·24 h)-1)		 柔软度
原始棉织物 526.8 7 213.8 49.3
涂层棉织物 424.6 6 131.7 42.5

Fig.6

Stability of coated cotton fabrics against acids and alkalis (a)and against organic solutions (b)"

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