Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 120-128.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20241102701

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation of woven spacer fabric reinforced cementitious composites and its mechanical properties

GU Qihui1, YANG Zhiqian2, WANG Hailou1, WEI Fayun1, ZHANG Wei1()   

  1. 1. School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Materials for Major Infrastructure Engineering, Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2025-07-08 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Wei E-mail:zhangwei@ntu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Traditional steel and concrete materials are heavy and brittle in nature, having poor crack resistance. Therefore, the research and development of lightweight, reinforced and toughened building materials is of great significance. Woven spacer fabrics have the advantages of stable structure, design flexibility in cross-sectional structure, large internal space, and certain regularity. Woven spacer fabric-reinforced concrete has high bearing capacity, durability, and impact resistance. The weave structure can be adjusted according to needs and the reinforcement can be directed. In this study, 4 types of woven spacer fabrics with different spacer yarn heights were made using glass fibers, which were used to prepare woven spacer fabric-reinforced cement composite materials.

Method The 4 types of woven spacer fabrics were prepared with an "8"-shaped interlaced structure. The height of the spacer yarn was adjusted to control the spacing height. Spacers of different heights are placed between the upper and lower warps to control the spacing height. The spacer fabric was placed vertically in the mold and compounded with cement slurry by vibrating. The manufactured specimens were placed in a curing chamber at (20±2) ℃ and 95% relative humidity for 7 days. The mechanical properties and failure modes of the woven spacer fabric-reinforced cement-based composite were investigated through three-point bending tests at room temperature and 100 ℃, as well as impact tests to explore the effects of spacer fabric weaving direction, laying position, and spacing height on mechanical properties of the composites.

Results The woven spacer fabric enhances the bending performance of textile reinforced concretes (TRC), and the higher spacer yarn is beneficial for improving the bending performance. The peak load and deformation energy are more significantly improved in weft direction than warp direction. Placing the fabric in the middle of specimen is likely to cause delamination and interfacial layering of matrix, while placing it at the bottom of specimen increases the stiffness, peak load and deformation energy, thereby improving the overall integrity of specimen. The bridge-linking effect of spacer yarn is more obvious in the weft bending, which is related to the warp and weft arrangement of spacer yarns. At 100 ℃, the bending strength loss of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is obvious due to water loss and high-temperature decomposition of hydrated calcium silicate. The glass fiber spacer fabric is beneficial for improving the thermal resistance of TRC and reducing the loss of strength and toughness at 100 ℃. The bending strength of TRC-Weft-BB3, TRC-Weft-BB10, TRC-Weft-BB18, and TRC-Weft-BB22 decreased by 26.1%, 11.0%, 14.4%, and 5.4%, respectively, and the bending strength loss of TRC decreased as the height of spacer yarn increased. The improvement of impact load of TRC by adding spacer fabric is limited, but the improvement of energy absorption is significant. At the same time, the TRC owns higher impact load and higher energy absorption with thicker spacer fabric. With repeated impact loading, the impact load value of the same TRC specimen gradually decreases, but the decrease in energy absorption is not obvious. Among them, the TRC-Weft-IB22 specimen after being impacted three times only had a strength loss of 8.3%, with an average energy absorption of 9.32 times that of OPC, and the integrity of the specimen was good.

Conclusion This paper prepared four types of woven spacer fabrics with different spacing heights, and the woven spacer fabric-reinforced cement composite materials were prepared. The woven spacer fabric-reinforced cement composite materials showed good bending strength and bending/impact toughness in bending test and impact test. The results show that the woven spacer fabric-reinforced cement composite materials have good mechanical properties and have good application prospects.

Key words: woven spacer fabric, cement composite, flexural property, impact property, mechanical property, failure and damage form

CLC Number: 

  • TU528

Fig.1

Woven spacer fabric. (a) Schematic diagram of spacer fabric; (b) Surface topography of fabric"

Tab.1

Flexural properties of TRC specimens with spacer fabric in middle"

试件编号 峰值载
荷/N		 峰值挠
度/mm		 抗弯强度/
MPa		 变形能/
(N·mm)
OPC 928.99 0.23 4.46 81.03
TRC-Warp-BM3 868.47 0.26 4.17 927.51
TRC-Warp-BM10 931.16 1.33 4.47 1 544.01
TRC-Warp-BM18 1 936.13 1.59 9.29 2 037.50
TRC-Warp-BM22 2 142.63 1.28 10.28 2 219.15
TRC-Weft-BM3 1 252.21 1.51 6.01 1 103.48
TRC-Weft-BM10 1 590.76 0.66 7.64 1 899.41
TRC-Weft-BM18 2 458.04 1.31 11.80 2 132.94
TRC-Weft-BM22 2 576.26 1.59 12.37 2 635.37

Fig.2

Flexural properties of TRC specimens with fabric in middle. (a) Warp; (b) Weft"

Fig.3

Failure modes of TRC specimens with spacer fabric in middle. (a) Failure diagram of warp bending; (b) Failure diagram of weft bending; (c) Fracture side failure diagram and cross-sectional diagram of OPC"

Fig.4

Flexural properties of TRC specimens with fabric at bottom. (a) Warp; (b) Weft"

Tab.2

Flexural properties of TRC specimens with spacer fabric at bottom"

试件 峰值载
荷/N		 峰值挠
度/mm		 抗弯强
度/MPa		 变形能/
(N·mm)
OPC 928.99 0.23 4.46 81.03
TRC-Warp-BB3 1 078.52 0.53 5.18 728.23
TRC-Warp-BB10 1 874.22 0.92 8.99 2 327.84
TRC-Warp-BB18 2 423.56 1.07 11.63 2 413.51
TRC-Warp-BB22 2 724.65 1.24 13.08 3 216.11
TRC-Weft-BB3 2 313.28 0.88 11.10 1 600.19
TRC-Weft-BB10 2 870.56 2.25 13.78 3 897.65
TRC-Weft-BB18 3 330.49 1.30 15.99 4 151.77
TRC-Weft-BB22 3 479.94 1.23 16.70 5 299.32

Fig.5

Bending process of TRC specimens with spacer fabric at bottom. (a) Warp bending; (b) Weft bending"

Fig.6

Bottom failure diagram of TRC with spacer fabric at bottom after weft bending"

Fig.7

Weft flexural properties of reinforced cement specimens with spacer fabric bottom at 100 ℃. (a) Bending load-deflection curves of OPC; (b) Bending load-deflection curves of TRC; (c) Deformation energy of TRC; (d) Flexural strength of TRC"

Fig.8

Impact failure diagram of TRC"

Fig.9

Impact load-time curve of OPC"

Fig.10

Comparison of impact loads (a) and absorbed energy (b) of samples"

Fig.11

Impact load-time curves of samples"

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