纤维素气凝胶在建筑节能领域中的应用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20260303502

Abstract

Abstract:

Significance The building envelope is the main carrier of indoor and outdoor heat transfer. In actual use, heat loss from walls, roofs, doors and windows is the main factor causing building energy consumption. Therefore, improving the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope is a key measure to improve building energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and promote low-carbon and green development of the construction industry. Conventional insulation materials generally have obvious deficiencies in thermal performance, environmental friendliness and long-term service durability, thus are difficult to adapt to the high standards of modern green buildings. As a new green bio-based porous material, cellulose aerogel has outstanding characteristics such as wide source of raw materials, ultra-low density, low thermal conductivity, renewable and degradable, and so on. It is a new generation of high-efficiency building insulation materials with great application potential. In-depth research on its applications in the field of building energy efficiency can effectively promote the upgrade of envelope insulation technology and provide a new and effective path for sustainable, low-carbon and high-quality development of buildings.

Progress Cellulose aerogel has excellent properties such as renewability, biodegradability, and low thermal conductivity, and has significant advantages in the field of new thermal insulation materials. Its raw materials are widely available from low-cost biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry wastes and waste cotton textiles. It can achieve efficient resource recycling, significantly reduce environmental load, and have outstanding sustainability. In recent years, researchers have carried out much work on overcoming performance shortcomings. Through various strategies such as structure control, component compounding, and chemical modification, the mechanical strength, use safety, and long-term durability of cellulose aerogels are significantly improved, making them gradually meet the stringent application requirements in complex service scenarios of construction projects. At the same time, cellulose aerogel combined with functional materials achieved diversity, high-efficiency and energy-saving. Combined with phase-change materials, it can achieve efficient heat storage and stabilize indoor temperature fluctuations, and integrated with radiant refrigeration materials, it can achieve passive cooling under strong sunlight conditions, effectively reduce air-conditioning energy consumption, and further improve the overall energy efficiency of the building. In addition, transparent cellulose aerogels have been successfully used in light-transmitting components such as doors, windows, skylights, and glass curtain walls to achieve excellent thermal insulation effects while ensuring high visible light transmittance. Through energy consumption simulation and building performance analysis, it has been confirmed that cellulose aerogel has significant advantages in improving the thermal performance of the building envelope and reducing the total energy consumption of the building, and has huge application potential.

Conclusion and Prospect Cellulose aerogels are of great significance in promoting low-carbon development and energy conservation and efficiency improvement in the construction industry. In order to realize its large-scale engineering applications, it is necessary to develop low-cost preparation technology and carry out directional modification according to the actual needs of construction. At present, cellulose aerogels mainly rely on supercritical CO₂ drying and freeze-drying technology to produce, which requires large equipment investment and high energy consumption, seriously restricting its large-scale promotion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to optimize existing preparation processes and develop cost-effective, scalable production technologies in the future. Based on the actual service environment of the building, future research should focus on four major directions: 1) improving the mechanical and structural stability, enhancing pressure-bearing and creep resistance capabilities, and meeting the structural safety needs of the building for long-term service; 2) strengthening environmental adaptation and durability through integrated modification of hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance, so as to adapt to complex working conditions such as heat and humidity, salt spray, and so on; 3) optimizing the interface bonding performance, improving the compatibility and bonding strength with the building base material, and ensuring the overall reliability of the system; and 4) constructing a multi-functional intelligent integrated system that integrates thermal insulation, energy storage, energy saving and monitoring functions to expand applications in high-end and green low-carbon buildings.

Key words: cellulose aerogel, building energy efficiency, building envelope, thermal insulation, functional modification, green and low-carbon building

CLC Number:

TS102.9

LIU He, ZHAO Shilei, LIU Fuyao, MA Jun, BAI Yuan, FAN Wei. Applications of cellulose aerogel in building energy efficiency field[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(07): 82-92.

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Figures/Tables 2

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材料	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	水接触角/(°)	极限氧指数/%
CellA^[41]	0.017~0.029	>150	—
DPW^[42]	0.033~0.065	—	—
BNNS-g/CNF^[43]	0.052	—	36.0
TMLA^[44]	0.028	—	38.6
NFC-Si-T^[45]	0.028~0.049	—	42.6~51
LG70^[46]	0.023	—	30.1
CL-A@PD^[47]	0.021~0.029	137	36.5
SRA^[48]	径向0.030 轴向0.056	横截面164 径截面156	—
CNF aerogel^[49]	0.026	140.3	—
HSCA^[50]	0.038	151.4	—
MBC/LDH^[51]	0.034	142	34.1
M-T@CNF/PVA^[53]	0.155	—	—
SiO₂-PCC/GEL-HEC^[54]	0.049	152.3	—
HNFA^[56]	0.028	146	—
GFRA^[57]	0.029~0.042	115~120	31.5~34.5
PVA-GA-CNF^[58]	0.044	—	—
3PM2G^[59]	0.047	—	73
Cell/SiO₂^[60]	0.034	158.72	—
SC/BC@AS^[61]	—	133.58	—
CNF/BP^[62]	0.067	—	20.6

Applications of cellulose aerogel in building energy efficiency field

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