Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (04): 47-55.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240603201

• Fiber Materials • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and properties of hyperplastic aerogel based on waste linen fabrics

ZHANG Wenli1,2, LIU Xin1,2, ZHANG Qiaoqiao1,2, ZHI Chao1,2, LI Jianwei2,3, FAN Wei1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    3. School of Materials Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
  • Received:2024-06-13 Revised:2024-11-18 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-06-11
  • Contact: FAN Wei E-mail:fanwei@xpu.edu.cn

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

11

Abstract:

Objective Aerogel is a solid material with an extremely low density that can fulfill various demands, including fireproofing, waterproofing, heat insulation and sound insulation. However, the current problem of high preparation costs, low strength, low toughness, and weak structural stability due to their preparation costs have seriously limited their promotion and application. To address this issue, cellulose aerogels were created using recycled fibers from reprocessed wast linen fabrics. The linen fibers were pre-treated to obtain a well-dispersed fiber suspension, followed by freeze-drying and high-temperature cross-linking.

Method The mixture of polyamide epoxy resin (PAE) with a mass fraction of 0.3% and pretreated linen fiber with water with a mass fraction of 0.1%-0.4% was first stirred in a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 300 r/min for 8 h at room temperature to obtain a well-dispersed fiber suspension. Then it was poured into a plastic mold and then placed into a freeze dryer at a temperature of -80 ℃ for freeze drying. Finally, the freeze-dried samples were put into a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 120 ℃ and a pressure of half an atmosphere for 3 h.

Results The density test showed that as the mass fraction of linen fibers increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, and the average density of cellulose aerogel increased from 4.78 mg/cm3 to 5.75 mg/cm3. The unidirectional compression test showed that as the mass fraction of linen fibers increased from 0.1% to 0.4%, and the average degree of recovery of cellulose aerogel after unidirectional compression decreased from 88.9% to 86.7%. The cyclic compression test showed that when the number of cyclic compressions was increased from 0 to 60 times, the height of deformation recovery of the cellulose aerogel increased as the mass fraction of linen fibers was increased from 0.1% to 0.2%. However, the deformation recovery height of cellulose aerogels gradually decreased as the mass fraction of linen fibers continued to increase from 0.2% to 0.4%. The morphological characterization showed that before uncompressed, the pore size of the aerogels with 0.1% and 0.2% mass fraction of linen fibers was uniform, and the reticular structure was more complete in comparison with the aerogels with 0.3% and 0.4% mass fraction of linen fibers. After compression, the reticular structure and holes of the aerogel with a mass fraction of 0.4% of linen fibers were the most severely damaged, while the other aerogels with different mass fractions of linen fibers all maintained relatively intact reticular structures and cavities, with the aerogel with a mass fraction of 0.2% of linen fibers having the best structural retention. As can be seen from the thermal insulation performance test, the linen fiber mass fraction of 0.2%, the thickness of 10 mm of the aerogel in the 80 ℃ heating table, the heating time of 5 min within the temperature of the aerogel appeared to decline. The temperature of the aerogel can be maintained at 53 ℃ for a long time after the heating time is more than 5 min. As shown by the thermal conductivity test, the thermal conductivity of the cellulose aerogel gradually increased with the increase of the mass fraction of linen fiber from 0.1% to 0.4%, in which the thermal conductivity of the aerogel with the mass fraction of linen fiber of 0.1% was the lowest, reaching (0.038 2 ± 0.000 2)W/(m·K).

Conclusion In this study, aerogels with different characteristics were prepared by adjusting the concentration of linen fiber, thus changing the density of linen fiber aerogel. Compared with the high-density aerogel, the low-density aerogel has more uniform and dense pores, and the air filled in the pores can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the aerogel, realizing the excellent performance of aerogel thermal insulation. This will promote the development of linen fiber aerogel in the field of thermal insulation.

Key words: linen fiber, aerogel, freeze drying, super elasticity, thermal insulation, reuse of waste linen fabric

CLC Number: 

  • TS102.6

Fig.1

Presentation of flax cellulose aerogel samples. (a) Circle shaped; (b) Pentagram shaped; (c) Cylinder shaped; (d) Bend; (e) Curl"

Fig.2

Cellulose suspensions. (a) First vaniable groups; (b) Second variable group"

Fig.3

Morphology of waste flax fibers after pretreatment. (a) Single flax after pretreatment; (b) Multiple flax roots after pretreatment"

Fig.4

Diameter distribution of waste flax fibers after pretreatment"

Fig.5

Density of aerogels with different fiber concentrations"

Fig.6

Porosity of aerogels with different fiber concentrations"

Tab.1

Height and degree of recovery of aerogel after unidirectional compression"

纤维溶液
质量分
数/%		 横向 纵向
原始高
度/cm		 压缩高
度/cm		 回复程
度/%		 原始高
度/cm		 压缩高
度/cm		 回复程
度/%
0.1 1.8 1.6 88.9 2.3 2.05 89.1
0.2 1.8 1.61 89.4 2.3 2.08 90.4
0.3 1.8 1.57 87.2 2.3 2.03 88.3
0.4 1.8 1.56 86.7 2.3 2.01 87.4

Fig.7

Compressive stress-strain curves for different fiber concentrations"

Fig.8

Effect of number of compressions on thickness of aerogels with different fiber concentrations"

Fig.9

Morphology of uncompressed aerogels with different fiber concentrations"

Fig.10

Morphology of aerogels with different fiber concentrations after 60 compression cycles"

Fig.11

Infrared thermography of aerogels of different durations heated at same position"

Fig.12

Infrared thermography of aerogels tested at different temperatures in same location"

Fig.13

Thermal conductivity of aerogels with different fiber concentrations"

Tab.2

Comparison between thermal conductivity of flax cellulose aerogels and previously reported aerogels"

文献 导热系数/
(W·m-1·K-1)		 材料
[31] 0. 060 大麻
[32] 0.592 导热环氧树脂/石墨烯
[33] 0.056 二氧化硅
[34] 0.060 羽绒纤维
[35] 0.042 羧基纤维素
[36] 0.043 氮化硼纤维
[37] 0.052 甘蔗渣
[38] 0.057 废竹纤维
本文结果 0.038 2±0.000 2 废旧亚麻
[1] 赵伦玉, 隋晓锋, 毛志平, 等. 气凝胶材料在纺织品上的应用研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2022, 43(12): 181-189,196.
doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210501210
ZHAO Lunyu, SUI Xiaofeng, MAO Zhiping, et al. Research progress in aerogel materials application for textiles[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2022, 43(12): 181-189,196.
doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210501210
[2] 陶丹丹, 白绘宇, 刘石林, 等. 纤维素气凝胶材料的研究进展[J]. 纤维素科学与技术, 2011, 19(2): 64-75.
TAO Dandan, BAI Huiyu, LIU Shilin, et al. Research progress in the cellulose based aerogels materials[J]. Journal of Cellulose Science and Technology, 2011, 19(2): 64-75.
[3] FAROOQ A, FAHEEM A, ZEYNEP U, et al. The role and applications of aerogels in textiles[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022.DOI: 10.1155/2022/2407769.
[4] 史文路, 张波, 曲丽君, 等. 气凝胶纤维制备及其智能纺织品应用进展[J]. 棉纺织技术, 52(12):91-97.
SHI Wenlu, ZHANG Bo, QU Lijun, et al. Advances in aerogel fiber preparation and its smart textile applications[J]. Cotton Textile Technology, 52(12):91-97.
[5] 朱浩彤, 刘玲伟, 闫铭, 等. 纤维气凝胶的分类、制备工艺及应用现状[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(23): 23057-23067.
ZHU Haotong, LIU Lingwei, YAN Ming, et al. Classification, preparation process and application of fibre aerogel: a review[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(23): 23057-23067.
[6] WEI H, XIE X, LI X, et al. Preparation and characterization of capric-myristic-stearic acid eutectic mixture/modified expanded vermiculite composite as a form-stable phase change material[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 178: 616-623.
[7] LIU Z, DING Y, WANG F, et al. Thermal insulation material based on SiO2 aerogel[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 122: 548-555.
[8] LIU B, GAO M, LIU X, et al. Thermally stable nanoporous ZrO2/SiO2 hybrid aerogels for thermal insulation[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2019, 2(11): 7299-7310.
[9] GAO B, CAO J, YAO C, et al. High thermally insulating and lightweight Cr2O3-Al2O3 aerogel with rapid-cooling property[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2022.DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153044.
[10] XING S, JI Q, JIAO X, et al. A two-step route to SiO2 nanofiber-reinforced aerogel composites with lightweight and high temperature resistance for thermal insula-tion[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2023, 6(11): 9939-9948.
[11] ZHANG X, ZHAO X, XUE T, et al. Bidirectional anisotropic polyimide/bacterial cellulose aerogels by freeze-drying for super-thermal insulation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123963.
[12] GONG C, NI J, TIAN C, et al. Research in porous structure of cellulose aerogel made from cellulose nanofibrils[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 172: 573-579.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.080 pmid: 33454335
[13] ZHANG H, ZHANG G, ZHU H, et al. Multiscale kapok/cellulose aerogels for oil absorption: the study on structure and oil absorption properties[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2021.DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113902.
[14] ZHU P, YU Z, SUN H, et al. 3D printed cellulose nanofiber aerogel scaffold with hierarchical porous structures for fast solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024. DOI:10.1002/adma.202306653.
[15] FREITAS P A V, GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ C, CHIRALT A. Influence of the cellulose purification process on the properties of aerogels obtained from rice straw[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023.DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120805.
[16] SU G, JIANG P, GUO L, et al. Robust cellulose composite aerogels with enhanced thermal insulation and mechanical properties from cotton waste[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 211: 118242.
[17] ZHU G, WANG J, WANG X, et al. Aerogels fabricated from wood-derived functional cellulose nanofibrils for highly efficient separation of microplastics[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2023, 11(38): 13928-13938.
[18] PEREIRA A L S, FEITOSA J P A, MORAIS J P S, et al. Bacterial cellulose aerogels: influence of oxidation and silanization on mechanical and absorption proper-ties[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116927.
[19] BERA T, MANNA S, SHARMA A K, et al. Repurposing the single-used-plastic for development of hydrophobic aerogels for remediation of oil spill and organic solvents[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166670.
[20] AZANAW A, HAILE A, GIDEON R K. Extraction and characterization of fibers from yucca elephantine plant[J]. Cellulose, 2019, 26: 795-804.
doi: 10.1007/s10570-018-2103-x
[21] ZHANG Z, CAI S, LI Y, et al. High performances of plant fiber reinforced composites-a new insight from hierarchical microstructures[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108151.
[22] ZHAO T, XIA W, LI B, et al. A novel eco-friendly solid-state degumming method for extraction of hemp fibers[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140549.
[23] ZHU J, ZHU Y, YE Y, et al. Superelastic and ultralight aerogel assembled from hemp microfibers[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023.DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202300893.
[24] KULMA A, SKÓRKOWSKA-TELICHOWSKA K, KOSTYN K, et al. New flax producing bioplastic fibers for medical purposes[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2015, 68: 80-89.
[25] ESMAEILZADEH M J, RASHIDI A. Evaluation of the disintegration of linen fabric under composting condi-tions[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25: 29070-29077.
[26] LI H, TANG R, DAI J, et al. Recent progress in flax fiber-based functional composites[J]. Advanced Fiber Materials, 2022, 4(2): 171-184.
[27] YANG X, FAN W, WANG H, et al. Recycling of bast textile wastes into high value-added products: a review[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2022, 20(6): 3747-3763.
[28] LIU H, FAN W, MIAO Y, et al. Closed-loop recycling of colored regenerated cellulose fibers from the dyed cotton textile waste[J]. Cellulose, 2023, 30(4): 2597-2610.
[29] LU L, FAN W, MENG X, et al. Current recycling strategies and high-value utilization of waste cotton[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158798.
[30] 林世东, 甘胜华, 李红彬, 等. 我国废旧纺织品回收模式及高值化利用方向[J]. 纺织导报, 2017(2): 25-26,28.
LIN Shidong, GAN Shenghua, LI Hongbin, et al. The recycling modes and higher value applications of discarded textiles in china[J]. China Textile Leader, 2017(2): 25-26,28.
[31] LIU J, YANG K, YANG Y, et al. A waste hemp-based biomass carbon aerogel with high fire-resistance[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2024. DOI:10.1002/app.55616.
[32] YANG W, DING H, LIU T, et al. Design of intrinsically flame-retardant vanillin-based epoxy resin for thermal-conductive epoxy/graphene aerogel composites[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(49): 59341-59351.
[33] ZHANG S, WANG L, FENG J, et al. Fumed silica-derived, ambient dried, and low-cost nanoporous aerogel-like monoliths for thermal insulation[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2023, 6(12): 10511-10520.
[34] SUN W, FANG Y, WU L, et al. Micron down feather fibers reinforced cellulose composite aerogel with excellent acoustic and thermal insulation[J]. Journal of Porous Materials, 2023, 30(3): 989-997.
[35] 丁伟, 李硕琳, 陈永芳, 等. 纳米纤维素基复合气凝胶的制备及性质研究[J]. 中国皮革, 2022, 51(10): 1-8,12.
DING Wei, LI ShuoLin, CHEN Yongfang, et al. Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose-based composite aerogels[J]. China Leather, 2022, 51(10): 1-8,12.
[36] LIU Z, LIU F, AN J, et al. BN fiber aerogels with high solar reflectivity and thermal insulation for green buildings[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(22): 46589-46599.
[37] ZHANG X, GAO Y, WANG X, et al. A flexible, thermal-insulating, and fire-resistant bagasse-derived cellulose aerogel prepared via a refrigerator freezing combined ambient pressure drying technique[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155466.
[38] PU H, DING X, CHEN H, et al. Functional aerogels with sound absorption and thermal insulation derived from semi-liquefied waste bamboo and gelatin[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2021.DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101874.
[1] CAO Zhanrui, JI Cancan, HE Shanshan, ZHOU Feng, XIANG Yang, GAO Fei, LIU Ke, WANG Dong. Preparation and bovine serum albumin separation of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer nanofibrous anion-exchange aerogel [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(04): 29-37.
[2] LI Yi, ZHANG Hengyu, GUO Wenzhuo, CHEN Jianying, WANG Ni, XIAO Hong. Preparation of cellulose/Ti3C2Tx aerogel absorbing materials with impedance step gradient layer structure and their absorption properties [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(03): 17-26.
[3] CHEN Qiaodan, NIU Mengmeng, LU Yehu. Development and thermal insulation evaluation of air inflatable temperature-regulating immersion suit [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(07): 159-164.
[4] MA Liang, YU Xuhua, LIU Wenwu, LI Ci, FANG Yiqun, LI Jun, XU Jiajun. Application of aerogel composite materials in improving thermal insulation performance of dry diving suit inner liner [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(07): 181-188.
[5] GAO Zhihao, NING Xin, MING Jinfa. Research progress in biomass-based carbon aerogels in energy storage device [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(06): 210-218.
[6] LI Jiugang, SHI Yufei, LIU Keshuai, LI Wenbin, KE Guizhen. Design of quartz/fiber mat three-dimensional spacer fabrics and investigation of their thermal insulation properties [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(06): 53-58.
[7] WANG Xinqing, JI Dongsheng, LI Shuchang, YANG Chen, ZHANG Zongyu, LIU Shicheng, WANG Hang, TIAN Mingwei. Preparation and thermal insulation properties of encapsulated polyacrylonitrile/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(05): 35-42.
[8] SHI Jilei, TANG Chunxia, FU Shaohai, ZHANG Liping. Preparation and properties of flexible thermal insulating cellulose aerogel [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(04): 8-14.
[9] XIAO Hao, SUN Hui, YU Bin, ZHU Xiangxiang, YANG Xiaodong. Preparation of chitosan-SiO2 aerogel/cellulose/polypropylene composite spunlaced nonwovens and adsorption dye performance [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2024, 45(02): 179-188.
[10] YANG Qiliang, YANG Haiwei, WANG Dengfeng, LI Changlong, ZHANG Lele, WANG Zongqian. Fabrication and oil absorbency of superhydrophobic and elastic silk fibroin fibrils aerogel [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(09): 1-10.
[11] LÜ Hongli, LUO Lijuan, SHI Jianjun, ZHENG Zhenrong, LI Hongchen. Research progress in flexible reinforced silica aerogels [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(08): 217-224.
[12] LIU Dunlei, LU Jiaying, XUE Tiantian, FAN Wei, LIU Tianxi. Preparation and properties of superhydrophobic thermal insulating polyester nanofiber/silica aerogel composite membranes [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(07): 18-25.
[13] LÜ Jing, LIU Zengwei, CHENG Qingqing, ZHANG Xuetong. Research progress of aramid nanofiber aerogels [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(06): 10-20.
[14] SUN Jianghao, SHAO Yanzheng, WEI Chunyan, WANG Ying. Preparation and adsorption analysis of sodium alginate/graphene oxide microporous aerogel fiber [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(04): 24-31.
[15] HE Mantang, WANG Liming, QIN Xiaohong, YU Jianyong. Research progress in electrospun nanofibers in interfacial solar steam generation [J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(03): 201-209.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号
Copyright 2021 © Editorial office of Journal of Textile Research
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd