棉织物的硅溶胶疏水整理

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20180804506

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现超疏水织物的绿色加工,采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,乙醇和水为溶剂制备硅溶胶预缩体对棉织物进行疏水整理,研究各工艺因素对棉织物疏水性能的影响,重点分析预缩体的制备、硅烷偶联剂的添加、低温烘干工艺与提高整理织物疏水性的相关性。结果表明:棉织物表面的SiO₂纳米粒子形成的粗糙表面与织物表面结合的疏水脂肪烃链可赋予织物良好的疏水性;在TEOS量为0.1 mol,乙醇量为0.9 mol,水的量为0.8 mol,先二浸二轧硅溶胶,再浸轧十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷醇溶剂优化工艺条件下,整理棉织物的水接触角可达152.1°,棉织物的力学性能得到提高。

关键词: 硅溶胶, 棉织物, 涤纶织物, 疏水性, 疏水整理, SiO₂纳米粒子

Abstract:

In order to obtain the super hydrophobicity in cotton fabrics through an environmentally friendly approach, the present study applied tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) as precursor, ethanol and water as the binary solvent, and successfully obtained the pre-condenser of silica sol. The cotton fabrics with the pre-condenser of silica sol, and the effect of finishing parameters was systematically studied on the hydrophobicity of fabrics, especially the correlation between the hydrophobicity and these parameters, including preparation of pre-condenser, addition of silane coupling agents and drying under low temperature. Results show that both rough surface derived from SiO₂ nanoparticles on the fabric and hydrophobic aliphatic hydrocarbon chain bound to the fabric surface endows the fabric good hydrophobicity. The optimal parameters used to obtain fabric hydrophobicity in this research is as follows: TEOS(0.1 mol), ethanol(0.9 mol), water(0.8 mol), dipping and rolling with silica sol twice, and dipping and rolling with hexadecyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol. Under such optimal process, the water contact angle of cotton fabric reached to 152.1°, and the mechanical property is also improved.

Key words: silica sol, cotton fabric, polyster fabric, hydrophobicity, hydrophobic finishing, SiO₂ nanoparticle

中图分类号:

TS195.5

谭淋, 施亦东, 周文雅. 棉织物的硅溶胶疏水整理[J]. 纺织学报, 2020, 41(04): 106-111.

TAN Lin, SHI Yidong, ZHOU Wenya. Study on enhancement of hydrophobicity treatment of cotton fabrics using silica sol[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2020, 41(04): 106-111.

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参考文献 12

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pH值调节剂	pH值	水接触角/(°)
pH值调节剂	pH值	棉织物	涤纶织物
未整理		0.0		120.4
盐酸	3	130.4		120.9
醋酸	4~5	108.6		119.8
氨水	10~11	116.5		121.6

整理方法	水接触角/(°)
整理方法	棉织物	涤纶织物
未整理	0.0	120.4
未经回流	120.6	121.4
回流	127.0	135.6

试验序号	TEOS的量X₁/ mol	乙醇的量X₂/ mol	水的量 X₃/ mol	温度 X₄/ ℃	时间 X₅/ h	水接触角Y/ (°)
1	0.025	0.4	0.4	60	8	128.25
2	0.050	0.6	0.7	45	7	142.60
3	0.075	0.8	0.3	65	6	147.88
4	0.100	0.3	0.6	50	5	140.43
5	0.125	0.5	0.2	70	4	134.64
6	0.150	0.7	0.5	55	3	138.74
7	0.175	0.9	0.8	75	9	131.37

硅烷偶联剂		水接触角/(°)
名称	质量分数/%	棉织物	涤纶织物
	2	121.6	118.8
HDTMS	4	133.3	121.5
	6	124.0	111.8
	8	115.9	116.6
	2	—	—
DOTMS	4	102.3	108.6
	6	127.7	96.0
	8	110.1	110.7
	2	119.9	118.3
OTES	4	106.7	115.5
	6	122.2	101.3
	8	108.1	120.6

整理方法	水接触角/(°)
整理方法	棉织物	涤纶织物
未整理	0.0	120.4
一步法	117.5	121.0
二步法	130.4	123.9