纺织学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 174-181.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200205509

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

气密型化学防护服研究进展

张婷婷, 张杰(), 田新宇, 陈祯, 任玮   

  1. 北京邦维高科特种纺织品有限责任公司, 北京 100043
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27 修回日期:2020-09-14 出版日期:2020-12-15 发布日期:2020-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 张杰
  • 作者简介:张婷婷(1984—),女,硕士。主要研究方向为化学防护材料及测试方法。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0802804)

Recent progress in gas-tight chemical protective clothing

ZHANG Tingting, ZHANG Jie(), TIAN Xinyu, CHEN Zhen, REN Wei   

  1. Beijing BW Techtextile Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China
  • Received:2020-02-27 Revised:2020-09-14 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: ZHANG Jie

摘要:

针对当前国内外危险化学品事故灾害频发、生化恐怖袭击威胁日益严峻、防化装备研发及生产体系不健全,国内个体化学防护装备特别是气密型化学防护服的材料研发、结构设计、装备生产、性能检测及选择使用亟待规范等问题,梳理了国际标准、美国消防协会标准、欧洲标准及中国国家标准中涉及气密型化学防护服的产品分类及性能要求,介绍了国内外气密型化学防护服市场上主流产品的防护性能、结构特征、产品认证情况及其发展现状,对比分析了化学防护领域广泛应用的防护材料种类及性能。研究表明:尽管目前采用高分子膜制作化学防护面料的国内厂商较少,但部分面料的防护能力已经能够同时达到国家标准、国际标准和欧洲标准的要求;建议相关行政管理部门继续给予化学防护行业必要的政策扶持,以尽快实现高性能化学防护装备的国产化、规模化及体系化。

关键词: 应急救援, 个体防护装备, 化学防护服, 气密性, 渗透性能

Abstract:

In view of the frequent and serious hazardous chemical accidents at home and abroad, the increasingly severe threat of bioterrorist attacks, the imperfection in research and development and production of chemical protective equipment, it is necessary to normalize the material development, structure design, production, performance testing, selection and application of personal protective equipment, especially the gas-tight chemical protective clothing. This paper briefly reviewed the product classification and their performance requirements of gas-tight chemical protective clothing according to international standards, American, European and Chinese national standards. The protective properties, structure characteristics, product certification and development status of gas-tight chemical protective clothing on the market were introduced. The properties and product certification of wide-used chemical protective materials were compared. The research status shows that despite few domestic manufacturers are engaged in the production of chemical protective fabrics with polymer membranes, the protective properties of some fabrics are able to meet the requirements of Chinese national, international and European standards. To this end, it is recommended that the relevant administrative departments continue to provide the necessary policy support for the chemical protection industry in order to implement the localization, scale and systemization of high-performance chemical protection equipment as soon as possible.

Key words: emergency rescue, personal protective equipment, chemical protective clothing, gas-tight, permeability

中图分类号: 

  • TS941.73

表1

国内外标准对气密型化学防护服整体防护性能的要求"

标准号 气密性 液体泄
漏性
超压排气
阀气密性
NFPA 1991—2016 不低于800 Pa 漏气率<
30 mL/min
ISO 16602:2007 压降≤20%
BS EN 943-1:2015 ≤300 Pa
GB 24539—2009 压降≤20% 1 h无渗漏

表2

国内外标准对气密型化学防护服的面料物理力学性能的要求"

标准号 耐磨损
性能
耐屈挠
破坏性
能/次
-30 ℃低
温屈
挠/次
接缝强
力/N
撕破强
力/N
断裂强
力/N
抗刺穿
性能/N
耐高温
性能
耐低温
性能
阻燃
性能
NFPA 1991—2016 连续摩擦
25次后1 h
累计渗透量≤
6.00 μg/cm2
>67 N/
(25 mm)
>49 >200 -25 ℃;
15 min 及60°偏斜角下,弯曲力矩为0.057 N·m
续燃<2 s,损毁<100 mm,无熔滴
ISO 16602:2007 >500次 >15 000 >200 >30 >40 >100 >10
BS EN 943-1:2015 >500次 >1 000 >200 >300 >40 >100 >10 续燃<5 s,无熔滴
GB 24539—2009 >500次 >15 000 >300 >40 >250 >50 70 ℃处理8 h断裂强力下降≤30% -40 ℃处理8 h 断裂强力下降≤30%

表3

国内外标准对气密型化学防护服化学防护性能的要求"

标准号 丙酮、乙腈、氨气、二硫化碳、氯气、二氯
甲烷、二乙胺、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、氯化氢、
甲醇、氢氧化钠、硫酸、四氢呋喃、甲苯
丙烯醛、丙烯腈、1,3-丁二烯、二甲基
甲酰胺、硫酸二甲酯、环氧乙烷、
氯甲烷、硝基苯、四氯乙烯
索曼 芥子气
NFPA 1991—2016 1 h累计渗透量≤6.00 μg/cm2 1 h累计渗透量≤
6.00 μg/cm2
累计渗透量≤
1.25 μg/cm2
累计渗透量≤
4.00 μg/cm2
ISO 16602:2007 标准透过时间>60 min
BS EN 943-1:2015 标准透过时间>60 min
GB 24539—2009 标准透过时间>60 min

图1

气密型化学防护服"

表4

国内外气密型防护材料性能"

生产企业 材质 面密度/
(g·m-2)
拉伸强力/N 撕裂强力/N 接缝强
力/N
抗刺穿性/N 阻燃
认证
经向 纬向 经向 纬向 经向 纬向
杜邦Tychem ThermoPro 高分子复合膜 285 1 081 1 028 227 151 280 128 141 满足NFPA2112
杜邦Tychem TK 高分子复合膜 407 672 576 334 249 123 124 未认证
开普勒Zytron 500 高分子复合膜 534 538 156 168 满足NFPA 1994和
EN 943-1/2
安塞尔
Trellchem EVO
Viton橡塑复合 >200 >200 >49 >49 >144 NFPA 1991-2016和
EN 943-2认证
抚顺澳丰安全
防护装备有限
公司RHF-IAP
双面PVC涂覆 840 1 470 1 372 118.2 107.8 360 360 未认证
山西新华化工有限责
任公司重型防护服
橡胶 ≥450 ≥450 ≥50 ≥50 ≥250 ≥50 ≥50 未认证
北京邦维高科
特种纺织品有
限责任公司
RHF-IBWC
高分子复合膜 500 572 616 164 149 500 68 68 未认证
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