纺织学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (08): 95-100.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20210309107

• 染整与化学品 • 上一篇    下一篇

大麻纤维的芬顿法脱胶及其性能

孙颖1,2(), 李端鑫1, 于洋1, 陈嘉琳1, 范皖月1   

  1. 1.齐齐哈尔大学 轻工与纺织学院, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161000
    2.齐齐哈尔大学 寒区麻及制品教育部工程研究中心, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161000
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-29 修回日期:2022-04-30 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-24
  • 作者简介:孙颖(1971—),女,教授,硕士。主要研究方向为天然纤维的提取脱胶工艺。E-mail: sunying71750@sina.com。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省教育厅基本科研业务费科研项目(135509503)

Degumming of hemp fibers using Fenton method and fiber properties

SUN Ying1,2(), LI Duanxin1, YU Yang1, CHEN Jialin1, FAN Wanyue1   

  1. 1. College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
    2. Engineering Research Center for Hemp and Product in Cold Region of Ministry of Education, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
  • Received:2021-03-29 Revised:2022-04-30 Published:2022-08-15 Online:2022-08-24

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摘要：

为减少纺织工业中脱胶废液的强碱强酸造成环境的污染,采用芬顿法对大麻纤维进行脱胶处理。以残胶率、断裂强力、直径、白度及纤维长度为指标,探讨pH值、七水合硫酸亚铁浓度、双氧水浓度和温度对大麻纤维脱胶效果的影响;借助红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了大麻纤维的化学结构及结晶度变化,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了大麻纤维的脱胶效果。结果表明:最佳脱胶工艺条件为pH值6.0,七水合硫酸铁质量浓度10 g/L,双氧水质量浓度9 g/L,温度80 ℃,此时脱胶纤维残胶率为10.12％,断裂强力为32.453 cN,直径为29.745 μm,长度为 5.62 cm; 芬顿法可有效去除大麻纤维的胶质。

关键词: 大麻纤维, 芬顿法, 脱胶, 前处理, 力学性能

Abstract:

In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the strong alkalinity in the degumming waste liquid in the textile industry, the Fenton method was used to degum the hemp skin fiber. Using residual gum rate, breaking strength, diameter, whiteness and fiber length as indicators, the effects of pH value, ferrous sulfate concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and temperature on the effect of hemp degumming process were discussed. The chemical structure and crystallinity changes of hemp fibers were analyzed by infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analyzer, and the degumming effect of hemp fibers was examined by scanning electron microscope. The test results show that the optimum degumming process conditions are pH 6.0, ferrous sulfate mass concentration 10 g/L, hydrogen peroxide mass concentration 9 g/L, and temperature 80 ℃. Under the optimal process, the residual glue rate of the degummed fibers was 10.12％, the breaking strength was 32.453 cN, the fiber diameter was 29.745 μm, and the fiber length was 5.62 cm. It was found that Fenton method can effectively remove the gum of hemp fiber.

Key words: hemp fiber, Fenton method, degumming, pretreatment, mechanical property

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.224

表1

不同pH值下脱胶大麻纤维的性能"

pH值 断裂强力/cN 残胶率/％ 直径/μm 白度/％ 长度/cm
3 49.68 ± 1.50 19.75 ± 0.10 25.97 ± 0.4 22.55 ± 0.1 5.84 ± 0.02
5 53.50 ± 1.00 16.15 ± 0.51 30.54 ± 0.7 29.65 ± 0.5 5.79 ± 0.01
7 41.92 ± 1.50 20.70 ± 0.25 39.86 ± 0.2 43.57 ± 0.2 5.81 ± 0.02
9 27.97 ± 1.75 22.22 ± 0.27 36.31 ± 0.3 29.74 ± 0.3 5.72 ± 0.02
12 10.27 ± 0.45 20.32 ± 0.25 40.77 ± 0.5 60.19 ± 0.5 5.69 ± 0.03

表2

不同FeSO4·7H2O质量浓度下脱胶大麻纤维的性能"

FeSO4·7H2O
质量浓度/(g·L–1)		 断裂强力/cN 残胶率/％ 直径/μm 白度/％ 长度/cm
3 53.50 ± 1.0 14.15 ± 0.1 35.44 ± 0.5 29.65 ± 0.1 5.64 ± 0.02
5 34.29 ± 0.5 16.26 ± 0.2 27.85 ± 0.7 45.93 ± 0.5 5.72 ± 0.01
7 31.47 ± 0.5 14.43 ± 0.1 21.32 ± 0.6 29.10 ± 0.2 5.57 ± 0.02
10 42.14 ± 0.7 14.46 ± 0.1 15.68 ± 0.3 23.83 ± 0.3 5.76 ± 0.02
15 11.36 ± 0.6 13.71 ± 0.1 30.75 ± 0.2 31.35 ± 0.5 5.84 ± 0.01

表3

不同H2O2浓度下脱胶大麻纤维的性能"

H2O2质量
浓度/(g·L–1)		 断裂强力/cN 残胶率/％ 直径/μm 白度/％ 长度/cm
4 31.97 ± 1.00 14.43 ± 0.10 36.97 ± 0.2 45.92 ± 0.5 5.81 ± 0.02
6 31.02 ± 1.00 12.79 ± 0.20 30.70 ± 0.3 32.83 ± 0.5 5.72 ± 0.01
8 45.00 ± 0.75 10.68 ± 0.20 28.15 ± 0.2 35.12 ± 0.2 5.64 ± 0.02
10 19.53 ± 1.00 11.65 ± 0.30 27.03 ± 0.9 36.47 ± 0.7 5.52 ± 0.20
15 35.54 ± 1.00 10.46 ± 0.25 18.99 ± 0.5 45.88 ± 0.5 5.41 ± 0.30

表4

不同温度下脱胶大麻纤维的性能"

温度/℃ 断裂强力/cN 残胶率/％ 直径/μm 白度/％ 长度/cm
50 59.35 ± 1.00 13.45 ± 0.10 24.67 ± 0.2 25.84 ± 0.5 5.74 ± 0.02
60 45.00 ± 1.00 10.68 ± 0.20 21.05 ± 0.3 26.47 ± 0.5 5.81 ± 0.01
70 46.09 ± 0.75 11.51 ± 0.20 18.94 ± 0.2 22.56 ± 0.2 5.79 ± 0.02
80 48.09 ± 0.75 12.33 ± 0.30 19.95 ± 0.9 29.21 ± 0.1 5.83 ± 0.02
90 29.29 ± 1.00 10.98 ± 0.25 16.34 ± 0.5 23.22 ± 0.5 5.71 ± 0.03

表5

不同时间下脱胶大麻纤维的性能"

时间/min 断裂强力/cN 残胶率/％ 直径/μm 白度/％ 长度/cm
30 42.37 ± 1.00 21.37 ± 2.0 27.48 ± 0.2 37.49 ± 0.3 5.92 ± 0.04
45 27.65 ± 2.00 16.94 ± 1.0 22.34 ± 0.3 30.21 ± 0.1 5.83 ± 0.09
60 21.43 ± 1.00 10.42 ± 1.0 16.13 ± 0.1 23.64 ± 0.2 5.74 ± 0.02
75 14.53 ± 0.75 9.73 ± 0.9 14.91 ± 0.1 21.82 ± 0.1 5.71 ± 0.02
90 9.67 ± 0.50 8.94 ± 0.3 12.75 ± 0.2 20.13 ± 0.3 5.54 ± 0.03

表6

大麻纤维脱胶正交试验因素与水平表"

水平 A
pH值		 B
FeSO4·7H2O
质量浓度/
(g·L–1)		 C
H2O2
质量浓度/
(g·L–1)		 D
温度/℃
1 4 8 7 60
2 5 9 8 70
3 6 10 9 80

表7

大麻纤维脱胶正交试验数据"

编号 A B C D E 残胶
率/％		 断裂强
力/cN		 直径/
μm		 纤维长
度/cm
1 1 1 1 1 1 11.29 37.00 50.41 5.72
2 1 2 2 2 2 19.48 36.96 56.78 5.46
3 1 3 3 3 3 13.42 15.39 41.53 5.65
4 2 1 1 2 2 11.83 47.75 51.95 5.73
5 2 2 2 3 3 9.36 40.74 58.06 5.56
6 2 3 3 1 1 8.13 46.88 43.49 5.47
7 3 1 2 1 3 10.08 67.49 20.17 5.67
8 3 2 3 2 1 8.68 45.14 24.56 5.33
9 3 3 1 3 2 12.70 25.04 19.37 5.42
10 1 1 3 3 2 11.68 17.13 30.75 5.64
11 1 2 1 1 3 10.99 30.60 29.53 5.73
12 1 3 2 2 1 16.69 24.01 35.44 5.54
13 2 1 2 3 1 12.13 27.31 30.05 5.72
14 2 2 3 1 2 16.76 24.02 21.19 5.42
15 2 3 1 2 3 11.27 20.50 19.04 5.39
16 3 1 3 2 3 11.82 10.54 16.30 5.63
17 3 2 1 3 1 9.03 23.07 17.49 5.73
18 3 3 2 1 2 11.59 12.65 23.96 5.61

表8

大麻纤维脱胶正交试验数据极差分析表"

指标 A B C D
K1 13.925 11.472 11.185 11.473
残胶率 K2 11.580 12.383 13.222 13.295
K3 10.650 12.300 11.748 11.387
R 3.275 0.911 2.037 1.908
K1 26.843 34.537 30.660 34.773
断裂强力 K2 34.533 33.422 34.860 30.817
K3 30.655 24.078 26.517 24.780
R 7.690 10.459 8.343 9.993
K1 40.740 33.272 31.298 31.458
直径 K2 37.297 34.602 37.410 34.012
K3 20.308 27.472 29.637 32.875
R 20.432 10.130 7.773 2.554
K1 5.623 5.685 5.62 5.603
长度 K2 5.548 5.538 5.593 5.513
K3 5.565 5.513 5.523 5.620
R 0.075 0.172 0.097 0.107

表9

脱胶处理前后大麻纤维的性能与各组分含量"

样品名称 残胶
率/％		 断裂强
力/cN		 直径/
μm		 长度/
cm		 纤维素
含量/％		 木质素
含量/％		 半纤维素
含量/％		 果胶含
量/％		 其他含
量/％
大麻原麻 — 100.030 120.457 6.00 49.63 18.98 19.32 6.79 5.28
处理后大麻 10.12 32.453 29.745 5.62 79.14 9.49 9.06 1.21 1.10

图1

脱胶处理前后大麻纤维红外光谱图"

图2

脱胶处理前后大麻纤维X射线衍射图"

图3

处理前后大麻纤维扫描电镜照片 (×2 000)"

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