超高分子量聚乙烯织物/聚脲柔性复合材料的抗破片侵彻机制

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220303809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究平纹机织叠层和三维角联锁增强聚脲柔性复合材料的抗侵彻性能,以15 mm角联锁整体织物及叠层平纹织物(单层厚度0.39 mm,40层)为研究对象,通过表面喷涂聚脲制备2种不同织物结构的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物/聚脲柔性复合材料;采用1.1 g柱状楔形破碎片,开展了弹道侵彻实验,并获取了弹道极限速度和比吸能;在此基础上,借助超景深显微镜及计算机断层扫描仪,观察侵彻后UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料的表面及内部损伤形貌,分析抗破片侵彻机制。研究结果表明:UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料抗破片侵彻性能具有明显的织物结构效应;相较于同厚度的叠层平纹织物增强聚脲柔性复合材料,角联锁织物增强聚脲柔性复合材料的弹道极限速度提升了4.9%;对于未被穿透的UHMWPE织物/聚脲柔性复合材料,其被侵彻过程主要包括聚脲对破片的包裹、剪切冲塞和纤维拉伸断裂破坏;叠层平纹织物的主要失效模式为剪切冲塞、分层失效,角联锁织物主要为纤维拉伸变形、拉伸断裂破坏。

关键词: 角联锁织物, 柔性复合材料, 破片侵彻, 弹道极限速度, Micro-CT技术, 超高分子量聚乙烯

Abstract:

Objective Fragmented pieces resulted from explosion on doors, windows and walls are hidden dangers threatening people's life and safety. At present, the explosion-proof equipment is used for high-efficiency, high-speed and large-area protection. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric/polyurea flexible composites received much attention recently owing to their low density, high performance, flexibility, corrosion resistance, outstanding intrusion resistance and portability. Therefore, it is important to understand the damage mechanism of UHMWPE fabric/polyurea flexible composites under the high-speed impact of broken fragments for engineering applications.

Method 15 mm angle-interlocked monolithic fabrics and laminated plain fabrics (single layer thickness of 0.39 mm, 40 layers) were used in this research. Flexible composites were manufactured by surface spraying with polyurea, named 2D-C and 3D-C, respectively. A 1.1 g wedge-headed cylindrical projectile was adopted to impact on the two types of UHMWPE fabric/polyurea flexible composites to obtain the ballistic limiting velocity V₅₀, the specific energy absorption (SEA) and the backface deformation. Based on this, surface and internal damage morphology studies were carried out to reveal the intrusion damage mechanism.

Results In case of equal thickness, 3D-C panel demonstrates greater V₅₀ and SEA values and a wider overall area of deformation on the backface with greater depth of backface signature. This is related to the fact that the binding warp yarns in the angle-interlock fabrics can transmit stress waves in the thick direction. In addition, the damage to the polyurea surface is minor for both types of composites. At the same time, computed tomo-graphy (CT) scans were carried out in the warp, weft, and thick directions of the local areas of the non-penetrating bullet holes of the two types of composites to study the penetration process and damage patterns in the non-penetrating state. In the thickness direction, the annular stripes near the 3D-C bullet holes is relatively denser and more pronounced, which is related to the fact that shock waves propagate faster in angle-interlock fabrics and that more yarns are involved in the energy dissipation. Cross-sectional profiles of 2D-C and 3D-C illustrate that 2D-C damage areas are dominated by massive fiber compression shear damage in both the warp and weft cross-sections at the upper end of the bullet hole. The compression shear damage to the fibers at the upper end of the 3D-C perforations is less severe than in 2D-C, but the tensile deformation of the top layer fibers is clearly visible in almost every cut. At the same time, four main types of damage areas were obtained by observing and counting the damage morphology of the two types of composites, and they are the perforated zone of the polyurea layer (Zone 1), the zone where the broken piece is caught (Zone 2), and the zone where the left and right sides of the broken piece are subjected to shearing and stretching (Zone 3, Zone 4). it can be seen that along the weft and warp directions after chip penetration 2D-C accounted for 54.82% and 69.98% of the damage in Zone 2. Cross-sectional view of 2D-C and 3D-C. However, 3D-C accounts for relatively little of the damage in Zone 2, with the main areas of damage being Zone 3 and Zone 4.

Conclusion The study showed that the resistance of the UHMWPE/polyurea flexible composites to projectile penetration has a significant fabric structure effect. The ballistic limiting velocity of the angle-interlock fabric-reinforced polyurea flexible composite is increased by 4.9% compared to that of the laminated plain fabric-reinforced polyurea flexible composite of the same thickness. For the unpenetrated UHMWPE/polyurea flexible composites, the penetration process involves mainly polyurea wrapping around the projectile, shear punching and fiber tensile fracture damage. The main failure modes for laminated plain fabrics are shear punch plugging and delamination failure, which for angle-interlock fabrics are mainly fiber tensile deformation and tensile fracture damage.

Key words: angle-interlocked fabric, flexible composite, projectile penetration, ballistic limit velocity, micro-CT technology, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

中图分类号:

TB332

刘东炎, 郑成燕, 王晓旭, 钱坤, 张典堂. 超高分子量聚乙烯织物/聚脲柔性复合材料的抗破片侵彻机制[J]. 纺织学报, 2023, 44(03): 79-87.

LIU Dongyan, ZHENG Chengyan, WANG Xiaoxu, QIAN Kun, ZHANG Diantang. Projectile penetration mechanism of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric/polyurea flexible composites[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(03): 79-87.

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参考文献 19

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织物类型	尺寸/ (mm×mm)	经纱线密度/tex	纬纱线密度/tex	经密/ (根·(10 cm)^-1)	纬密/ (根·(10 cm)^-1)	面密度/ (g·m^-2)	层数	厚度/mm	总质量/g
叠层平纹织物	300×300	133	133	68	73	169	40	15.31	606.32
角联锁织物	300×300	133	133×2	80	30	7438.1	1	15.34	660.81

试样类型	弹孔编号	弹片速度/(m·s^-1)	弹击结果	V₅₀/(m·s^-1)	SEA/(J·m³·kg^-1)	损伤面积/mm²
2D-C	1	568.667	未穿透	559.2	272.01	1 450.68
	2	569.476	未穿透			1 450.68
	3	579.039	未穿透			1 450.68
	4	585.138	穿透			1 884.96
	5	586.338	穿透			1 727.88
	6	606.466	穿透			1 507.97
3D-C	a	600.420	未穿透	587.1	280.88	1 950.93
	b	605.327	未穿透			2 186.55
	c	609.570	未穿透			3 392.92
	d	617.284	穿透			3 298.67
	e	632.111	穿透			2 799.16
	f	652.742	穿透			3 647.39

复合材料类型	纬向损伤长度/ mm	经向损伤长度/ mm	纬向局部破坏区域占最大破坏区域的比值/%				经向局部破坏区域占最大破坏区域的比值/%
复合材料类型	纬向损伤长度/ mm	经向损伤长度/ mm	Zone1	Zone2	Zone3	Zone4	Zone1	Zone2	Zone3	Zone4
2D-C	15.56	28.02	16.4	54.82	7.07	38.11	21.66	69.98	19.3	10.71
3D-C	10.36	17.27	16.62	20.52	30	35.5	14.31	38.04	35.55	26.4